The grape (Vitis vinifera L.) cultivars in the island of Crete, Greece represent one of the oldest populations of the species; nevertheless, very scarce information is available about its genetic structure. In this study, Vitis cultivars collected from the island of Crete were characterized using microsatellite markers. A broad germplasm collection representing 44 inferred Vitis cultivars, a total of 163 accessions, from the area of Crete including 37 wine and 7 table cultivars were fingerprinted employing thirteen (13) standardized simple sequence repeat (SSR, microsatellite) loci. SSR allelic analysis and a similarity dendrogram construction (cluster analysis) was followed by a hierarchical STRUCTURE analysis. The mean observed (Ho) and expected heterozygosity (He) were 0.7372 and 0.7686, respectively. The cumulative probability of identity was very low with a value of 3.18 × 10e⁻¹⁵. According to the cluster analysis, twenty-nine of the 44 Vitis cultivars were presented in single clusters and five cultivars were presented as distinct single accessions. In addition, ten (10) cases of synonyms and ten (10) groups of homonyms were also identified. STRUCTURE analysis provided evidence for three genetic groups (putative ancestry groups). Hierarchical STRUCTURE analysis revealed further stratification within each of the three ancestry groups. This work provides the molecular fingerprinting of 44 Vitis cultivars and an initial proposal in their ancestry. In the future, molecular genetic information along with morphological (ampelographic) data will provide an intergraded characterization of existing diversity and will allow for its use in breeding efforts and in commercial viticulture.

中文翻译：

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SSR标记评估的遗传多样性和结构分析来自希腊克里特岛的一大批葡萄品种。

希腊克里特岛上的葡萄（Vitis vinifera L.）品种是该物种最古老的种群之一。但是，关于其遗传结构的信息非常少。在这项研究中，使用微卫星标记对从克里特岛收集的葡萄品种进行了表征。广泛的种质资源代表44种推断的葡萄利用十三（13）个标准化的简单序列重复（SSR，微卫星）基因座对来自克里特岛（Crete）地区的总共163个品种（包括37个葡萄酒和7个餐桌品种）进行了指纹识别。SSR等位基因分析和相似性树状图构建（聚类分析），然后进行分层结构分析。观察到的平均（Ho）和预期的杂合度（He）分别为0.7372和0.7686。同一性的累积概率非常低，值为3.18×10e ^-15。根据聚类分析，在44个葡萄中有29个品种以单个簇的形式出现，五个品种以不同的单个品种的形式出现。此外，还确定了十（10）个同义词案例和十（10）组同音异义词。结构分析为三个遗传组（推定祖先组）提供了证据。层次结构分析揭示了三个祖先组中每个层次的进一步分层。这项工作提供了44个葡萄品种的分子指纹图谱，并为其祖先提出了初步建议。将来，分子遗传信息以及形态学（ampellographic）数据将对现有多样性进行分级表征，并将其用于育种工作和商业葡萄栽培。