Extensive research has shown that oxidative stress is strongly associated with aging, senescence and several diseases, including neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders. Oxidative stress is caused by the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that can be counteracted by both enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants. One of these antioxidant mechanisms is the widely studied methionine sulfoxide reductase system (Msr). Methionine is one of the most easily oxidized amino acids and Msr can reverse this oxidation and restore protein function, with MsrA and MsrB reducing different stereoisomers. This article focuses on experimental and genetic research performed on Msr and its link to brain diseases. Studies on several model systems as well as genome-wide association studies are compiled to highlight the role of MSRA in schizophrenia, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease. Genetic variation of MSRA may also contribute to the risk of psychosis, personality traits, and metabolic factors.

中文翻译：

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人脑疾病中的蛋氨酸亚砜还原酶（Msr）功能障碍。

大量研究表明，氧化应激与衰老，衰老和多种疾病（包括神经退行性疾病和精神疾病）密切相关。氧化应激是由活性氧（ROS）的过量产生引起的，可以通过酶和非酶抗氧化剂来抵消。这些抗氧化剂机制之一是广泛研究的蛋氨酸亚砜还原酶系统（Msr）。蛋氨酸是最容易氧化的氨基酸之一，Msr可以逆转这种氧化并恢复蛋白质功能，而MsrA和MsrB可以还原不同的立体异构体。本文重点介绍对Msr及其与脑部疾病的联系进行的实验和遗传研究。汇编了几种模型系统的研究以及全基因组关联研究，以突出MSRA在精神分裂症中的作用，阿尔茨海默氏病和帕金森氏病。MSRA的遗传变异也可能导致精神病，人格特质和代谢因子的风险。