Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) represents a worrying public health problem in North Africa and particularly in Egypt. The situation is unclear in western North Africa where HCC has been rarely submitted to careful scrutiny. We decided to analyze demographic, biochemical, virological, and clinical data of a series of HCC from Algerian patients to establish the landscape of this tumor in the country. In the present work, we described 337 cases of primary liver cancer from Bologhine Hospital in Algiers, the capital of Algeria. The mean age of patients was 63.8 ± 11.4 years with a male:female sex ratio of 1.5. The most prevalent risk factors were hepatitis C, hepatitis B, and metabolic pathologies (type 2 diabetes and obesity). The mean BMI was 25.6 ± 4.7 at tumor diagnosis. A strong duality of risk factors and tumor presentation between male and female patients was apparent. Women tended to be older (mean 65.4 vs. 62.7 years, p = 0.039) and either seropositive for anti-HCV (60.0 vs. 41.6%, p = 0.0018) resulting primarily from tattoos and/or scarification (47.2 vs. 25.7%, p = 1.0 × 10-4) or more often affected by metabolic disorders (mean BMI 26.1 ± 0.7 vs. 25.1 ± 0.5, p = 0.0248) commonly associated with personal antecedents of cholecystectomy (21.2 vs. 5.8%, p = 4.4 × 10-5). By contrast, men were younger, poorer survivors (mean 9.3 vs. 13.3 months, p = 0.005), more frequently HBsAg carriers (27.8 vs. 10.5%, p = 4.8 × 10-5), and more exposed to lifestyle risk factors such as smoking (39.4 vs. 3.0%, p = 3.9 × 10-16) or alcohol use (19.1 vs. 0.7%, 1.5 × 10-8). Finally, geographic disparities throughout Algeria were reminiscent of the situation of chronic hepatitis C in the country. A significant excess of cases originated from the region of Batna, Eastern Algeria, already known for its high rate of hepatitis C. Our results suggest that due to culture or sex-dependent biological differences, the tumor process affecting the liver is drastically different between sexes in Algeria.

中文翻译：

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阿尔及利亚肝细胞癌表现的广泛性别二态性。

肝细胞癌 (HCC) 是北非尤其是埃及令人担忧的公共卫生问题。北非西部的情况尚不清楚，那里很少对 HCC 进行仔细审查。我们决定分析来自阿尔及利亚患者的一系列 HCC 的人口统计学、生化、病毒学和临床数据，以建立该国该肿瘤的概况。在目前的工作中，我们描述了来自阿尔及利亚首都阿尔及尔的 Bologhine 医院的 337 例原发性肝癌病例。患者的平均年龄为 63.8 ± 11.4 岁，男女比例为 1.5。最普遍的危险因素是丙型肝炎、乙型肝炎和代谢病症（2 型糖尿病和肥胖症）。肿瘤诊断时的平均 BMI 为 25.6 ± 4.7。男性和女性患者之间的危险因素和肿瘤表现具有很强的双重性。女性往往年龄较大（平均 65.4 对 62.7 岁，p = 0.039）并且抗 HCV 血清反应呈阳性（60.0 对 41.6%，p = 0.0018），这主要是由于纹身和/或划痕（47.2 对 25.7%， p = 1.0 × 10-4) 或更经常受到代谢紊乱的影响（平均 BMI 26.1 ± 0.7 与 25.1 ± 0.5，p = 0.0248）通常与胆囊切除术的个人前因相关（21.2 与 5.8%，p = 4.4 × 10 -5). 相比之下，男性更年轻、更贫穷的幸存者（平均 9.3 个月对 13.3 个月，p = 0.005），更多的 HBsAg 携带者（27.8 对 10.5%，p = 4.8 × 10-5），并且更多地暴露于生活方式风险因素，例如作为吸烟（39.4 对 3.0%，p = 3.9 × 10-16）或饮酒（19.1 对 0.7%，1.5 × 10-8）。最后，阿尔及利亚各地的地域差异让人想起该国慢性丙型肝炎的情况。大量病例来自阿尔及利亚东部的巴特纳地区，该地区以丙型肝炎的高发病率而闻名。我们的结果表明，由于文化或性别依赖性生物学差异，影响肝脏的肿瘤过程在性别之间存在巨大差异在阿尔及利亚。