Time spent with children has become a central concern in North American parenting culture. Using the 2011 Canadian Work, Stress, and Health Study (n = 2,007), the authors examine employed parents’ perceptions about having too little time with children and whether these relate to parents’ mental and physical health. The “pernicious stressor” hypothesis posits that the demands of paid work combined with intensive mothering or involved fathering create unique time tensions that act as chronic stressors and that these are associated with poorer health and well-being. Alternatively, the “public face” hypothesis suggests that parents often present themselves as good mothers or fathers through an expressed lack of time with children, but statements are superficial and thus are not related to health. The authors find that about half of employed parents report time shortfalls with children; work hours, schedule control, location of work, and family context are related to perceived time deficits with children. Supporting the pernicious stressor hypothesis, expressed time deficits are associated with distress, anger, and sleep problems, even when adjusting for work and family factors.

中文翻译：

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与孩子的时间不足：与父母心理和身体健康的联系。

与孩子在一起的时间已成为北美育儿文化的中心问题。使用2011年《加拿大工作，压力和健康研究》（n = 2,007），作者检查了受雇父母对与孩子在一起时间过少的看法，以及这些看法是否与父母的身心健康有关。“有害的压力源”假设认为，有偿工作的需求与密集的母亲或涉及父亲的父亲相结合，会造成独特的时间紧张，这些压力会充当长期压力源，并且与较差的健康状况有关。另外，“公开面孔”假说表明，父母常常由于明显缺乏与孩子在一起的时间而表现为好母亲或好父亲，但陈述是肤浅的，因此与健康无关。作者发现，大约一半的受雇父母报告说他们有孩子的时间不足。工作时间，日程安排控制，工作地点和家庭环境与孩子的感知时间不足有关。支持有害的压力源假说的事实表明，即使在因工作和家庭因素进行调整时，所表达的时间不足也会与困扰，愤怒和睡眠问题相关。