Stem cell-based tissue engineering therapy is the most promising method for treating volumetric muscle loss. Human amniotic mesenchymal cells possess characteristics similar to those of embryonic stem cells. In this study, we verified the stem cell characteristics of human amniotic mesenchymal cells by the flow cytometry analysis, and osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation. Through induction with the DNA demethylating agent 5-azacytidine, human amniotic mesenchymal cells can undergo myogenic differentiation and express skeletal muscle cell-specific markers such as desmin and MyoD. The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway also plays an important role. After 5-azacytidine-induced human amniotic mesenchymal cells were implanted into rat tibialis anterior muscle with volumetric muscle loss, we observed increased angiogenesis and improved local tissue repair. We believe that human amniotic mesenchymal cells can serve as a potential source of cells for skeletal muscle tissue engineering.

中文翻译：

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人羊膜间充质细胞的肌源性分化及其组织修复能力对容量性肌肉丢失的影响。

基于干细胞的组织工程疗法是治疗体积性肌肉丢失的最有前途的方法。人羊膜间充质细胞具有与胚胎干细胞相似的特征。在这项研究中，我们通过流式细胞仪分析以及成骨和成脂分化来验证人羊膜间充质细胞的干细胞特性。通过用DNA脱甲基剂5-氮杂胞苷诱导，人羊膜间充质细胞可以进行成肌分化并表达骨骼肌细胞特异性标记物，如结蛋白和MyoD。Wnt /β-catenin信号通路也起重要作用。将5-氮杂胞苷诱导的人羊膜间充质细胞植入大鼠胫前肌中，但出现容积肌丢失，我们观察到增加的血管生成和改善的局部组织修复。我们认为，人羊膜间充质细胞可以作为骨骼肌组织工程细胞的潜在来源。