The results of studies on possible effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMFs) on human waking electroencephalography (EEG) have been quite heterogeneous. In the majority of studies, changes in the alpha-frequency range in subjects who were exposed to different signals of mobile phone-related EMF sources were observed, whereas other studies did not report any effects. In this review, possible reasons for these inconsistencies are presented and recommendations for future waking EEG studies are made. The physiological basis of underlying brain activity, and the technical requirements and framework conditions for conducting and analyzing the human resting-state EEG are discussed. Peer-reviewed articles on possible effects of EMF on waking EEG were evaluated with regard to non-exposure-related confounding factors. Recommendations derived from international guidelines on the analysis and reporting of findings are proposed to achieve comparability in future studies. In total, 22 peer-reviewed studies on possible RF-EMF effects on human resting-state EEG were analyzed. EEG power in the alpha frequency range was reported to be increased in 10, decreased in four, and not affected in eight studies. All reviewed studies differ in several ways in terms of the methodologies applied, which might contribute to different results and conclusions about the impact of EMF on human resting-state EEG. A discussion of various study protocols and different outcome parameters prevents a scientifically sound statement on the impact of RF-EMF on human brain activity in resting-state EEG. Further studies which apply comparable, standardized study protocols are recommended. Bioelectromagnetics. 2019;40:291-318. © 2019 The Authors. Bioelectromagnetics Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

中文翻译：

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RF-EMF对人体静息状态EEG的影响-一致性中的不一致。第1部分：研究之间可比性的非暴露相关限制。

关于射频电磁场（RF-EMFs）对人的唤醒脑电图（EEG）可能产生影响的研究结果非常不相同。在大多数研究中，观察到暴露于与手机相关的EMF信号的不同信号的受试者的α频率范围发生了变化，而其他研究未报告任何影响。在这篇综述中，提出了这些不一致的可能原因，并为以后醒来的脑电图研究提出了建议。讨论了潜在的大脑活动的生理基础，以及进行和分析人体静止状态脑电图的技术要求和框架条件。就非接触相关的混杂因素，评估了有关EMF对唤醒EEG可能产生影响的同行评审文章。提出了从国际准则中得出的关于结果分析和报告的建议，以实现未来研究的可比性。总共分析了22篇关于RF-EMF对人体静息状态EEG可能产生的影响的同行评审研究。据报道，阿尔法频率范围内的脑电图功率增加了10个，减少了4个，而在8个研究中没有受到影响。所有审查的研究在应用的方法上都在几种方面有所不同，这可能有助于得出有关EMF对人体静息状态EEG影响的不同结果和结论。对各种研究方案和不同结果参数的讨论阻止了关于RF-EMF对静止状态EEG中人脑活动影响的科学合理陈述。建议采用可比的标准化研究方案进行进一步研究。生物电磁学。2019; 40：291-318。©2019作者。Wiley Periodicals，Inc.发布的生物电磁学