The influence of organic and conventional farming and agroecology on the diversity and functioning of indigenous soil microbial communities was examined using a multifactorial analysis based on an extended minimum data set of classical status and functional tests. Main soil physicochemical properties and selected microbiological indicators, the quantity of heterotrophic or aerobic spore-forming bacteria, basal and substrate-induced respiration, catabolic activity with MicroResp™, and fluorescein diacetate enzyme activity were characterized. A pot experiment applying the most probable number method was designed with soil dilution series using Pisum sativum L. and Triticum spelta L. to assess the symbiotic infectivity and genetic diversity of key indicator groups of the plant microbiome, e.g. nitrogen-fixing bacteria (rhizobia) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Soil pH, humus content, CFU, enzyme activity, and soil respiration were significantly higher in organic soils. The activity of soil microorganisms was mainly related to clay, humus, calcium, and magnesium parameters. A redundancy analysis test of catabolic activities showed that samples were grouped according to different substrate utilization patterns and land uses were also clearly separated from each other. Farming practice influenced the abundance and diversity of microbial populations. Dark septate endophytic fungi were only found in conventional soils. In addition to confirming soil health improvements by organic management, our results highlight the importance of a complex evaluation including both classical status and functional parameters of soil microbiota, which may more reliably indicate a shift in the quality status of soils.

中文翻译：

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有机和常规农业管理下微生物共生体的密度和多样性

使用基于经典状态和功能测试的扩展最小数据集的多因素分析，研究了有机农业和传统农业以及农业生态学对本土土壤微生物群落多样性和功能的影响。对主要土壤理化性质和选定的微生物指标、异养或需氧孢子形成细菌的数量、基础和底物诱导的呼吸、MicroResp™的分解代谢活性以及荧光素二乙酸酯酶活性进行了表征。采用Pisum sativum L.和Triticum spelta L.的土壤稀释系列设计了采用最可能数法的盆栽试验，以评估植物微生物组关键指标群（例如固氮菌（根瘤菌））的共生感染性和遗传多样性。和丛枝菌根真菌。有机土壤的土壤pH值、腐殖质含量、CFU、酶活性和土壤呼吸明显较高。土壤微生物活性主要与粘土、腐殖质、钙、镁参数有关。分解代谢活动的冗余分析测试表明，样品根据不同的底物利用模式进行分组，并且土地利用也彼此明确分开。农业实践影响微生物种群的丰度和多样性。深色有隔内生真菌仅在常规土壤中发现。除了确认有机管理改善土壤健康之外，我们的结果还强调了复杂评估的重要性，包括土壤微生物群的经典状态和功能参数，这可能更可靠地表明土壤质量状态的变化。