Owing to the development of new technologies, the epigenome, a second dimensional method for genome analysis has emerged. Epigenetic mechanisms, including DNA methylation, histone modifications and noncoding RNAs, regulate gene expression without changing the genetic sequence. These epigenetic mechanisms normally modulate gene expression, trans-generational effects and inherited expression states in various biological processes. Abnormal epigenetic patterns typically cause pathological conditions, including cancers, age-related diseases, and specific cartilage and bone diseases. Facing the rapidly developing epigenetic field, we reviewed epigenetic mechanisms and their involvement with the skeletal system and their role in skeletal development, homeostasis and degeneration. Finally, we discuss the prospects for the future of epigenetics.

中文翻译：

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表观遗传学和骨骼疾病。

由于新技术的发展，表观基因组已经出现了用于基因组分析的二维方法。表观遗传机制，包括DNA甲基化，组蛋白修饰和非编码RNA，可在不改变基因序列的情况下调节基因表达。这些表观遗传机制通常在各种生物学过程中调节基因表达，跨代效应和遗传表达状态。异常的表观遗传模式通常会导致病理状况，包括癌症，与年龄有关的疾病以及特定的软骨和骨骼疾病。面对快速发展的表观遗传领域，我们回顾了表观遗传机制及其与骨骼系统的关系及其在骨骼发育，体内稳态和变性中的作用。最后，我们讨论了表观遗传学的未来前景。