Maternal gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is considered to be an important factor that epigenetically predisposes offspring to metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. However, the mechanisms of how intrauterine hyperglycaemia affects offspring have not been thoroughly studied. The mammalian tribbles homologue 1 (TRIB1) gene is associated with plasma lipid concentrations and coronary artery disease (CAD). Our aim was to study the effect of GDM and its treatment terms on the level of TRIB1 gene expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) of newborns from women with and without GDM. The study included 50 women with GDM and 25 women without GDM (control group). Women with GDM were divided into three groups according to their gestational age when the treatment of GDM started: 24-28 weeks (GDM1, N = 16), 29-32 weeks (GDM2, N = 25) and >34 weeks (GDM3, N = 9). The levels of TRIB1 gene expression in GDM3, GDM2, GDM1 and control groups were 2.8 ± 1.1, 4.2 ± 2.4, 6.0 ± 3.4 and 8.1 ± 6.1, respectively (p = 0.001). After comparison in pairs the difference was significant for the following pairs: GDM2-control (p = 0.004), GDM3-control (p = 0.002), GDM1-GDM3 (p = 0.012). Notably, if treatment had been started before the 28th week of gestation, the difference in TRIB1 gene expression in HUVECs was not significant (p = 0.320 for comparison between GDM1 and control groups). Our findings support the hypothesis that TRIB1 gene expression in HUVECs depends on the duration of intrauterine exposure to hyperglycaemia.

中文翻译：

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人脐静脉内皮细胞中 tribbles 同源物 1 基因表达与宫内高血糖持续时间的关联。


母亲妊娠糖尿病（GDM）被认为是表观遗传上使后代易患代谢和心血管疾病的重要因素。然而，宫内高血糖如何影响后代的机制尚未得到彻底研究。哺乳动物 tribbles 同源物 1 (TRIB1) 基因与血浆脂质浓度和冠状动脉疾病 (CAD) 相关。我们的目的是研究 GDM 及其治疗方案对患有和不患有 GDM 的妇女新生儿的人脐静脉内皮细胞 (HUVEC) 中 TRIB1 基因表达水平的影响。该研究包括 50 名患有 GDM 的女性和 25 名没有 GDM 的女性（对照组）。根据 GDM 治疗开始时的孕龄，将患有 GDM 的女性分为三组：24-28 周（GDM1，N = 16）、29-32 周（GDM2，N = 25）和 >34 周（GDM3， N = 9）。 GDM3、GDM2、GDM1和对照组的TRIB1基因表达水平分别为2.8±1.1、4.2±2.4、6.0±3.4和8.1±6.1(p = 0.001)。成对比较后，以下对的差异显着：GDM2-对照（p = 0.004）、GDM3-对照（p = 0.002）、GDM1-GDM3（p = 0.012）。值得注意的是，如果在妊娠第 28 周之前开始治疗，HUVEC 中 TRIB1 基因表达的差异并不显着（GDM1 和对照组之间的比较，p = 0.320）。我们的研究结果支持这样的假设：HUVEC 中 TRIB1 基因的表达取决于宫内高血糖的持续时间。