The pathogenesis of the development and progression of thyroid cancer (TC) is far from being clear at present. Accumulated evidence suggests that it is a complex polygenic disorder for which genetic factors play an important role in disease aetiology. Here we review the literature to report the genetic variations and alterations that have been described in the aetiology of TC. The functional effects of some mutations and single nucleotide polymorphisms on TC are validated, establishing the role of sequence variations in this cancer. However, large prospective studies are still required to evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic value of these genetic determinants in clinical practice.

中文翻译：

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甲状腺癌的分子遗传学。

目前尚不清楚甲状腺癌（TC）的发展和进展的发病机理。积累的证据表明，它是一种复杂的多基因疾病，遗传因素在疾病病因中起着重要作用。在这里，我们回顾文献以报告TC病因学中已描述的遗传变异和变异。验证了某些突变和单核苷酸多态性对TC的功能作用，确立了序列变异在该癌症中的作用。但是，仍需要进行大量的前瞻性研究，以评估这些遗传决定因素在临床实践中的诊断和预后价值。