Several lines of evidence implicate abnormalities in glutamatergic neural transmission in major depressive disorder (MDD) and treatment response. A high percentage of MDD patients do not respond adequately to antidepressants and are classified as having treatment-resistant depression (TRD). In this study we investigated five GRIK4 variants, previously associated with antidepressants response, in an Italian cohort of 247 MDD no-TRD and 380 TRD patients. We found an association between rs11218030 G allele and TRD. Moreover, significant associations between rs11218030 and rs1954787 and the presence of psychotic symptoms were observed. In conclusion, our data support the involvement of GRIK4 in TRD and in the risk of developing psychotic symptoms during depressive episodes.

中文翻译：

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GRIK4基因在难治性抑郁症中的作用。

几条证据暗示重大抑郁症（MDD）和治疗反应中的谷氨酸能神经传递异常。高百分比的MDD患者对抗抑郁药没有足够的反应，被归类为患有抗药性抑郁症（TRD）。在这项研究中，我们在247名MDD无TRD和380名TRD患者的意大利队列研究了5种GRIK4变体，这些变体先前与抗抑郁药反应有关。我们发现rs11218030 G等位基因与TRD之间存在关联。此外，观察到rs11218030和rs1954787与精神病性症状之间存在显着关联。总之，我们的数据支持GRIK4参与TRD以及抑郁发作期间出现精神症状的风险。