The prebiotics and probiotics market is constantly growing due to the positive effects of its consumption on human health, which extends beyond the digestive system. In addition, the synbiotic products market is also expanding due to the synergistic effects between pre- and probiotics that provide additional benefits to consumers. Pre- and probiotics are being evaluated for their effectiveness to treat and prevent infectious diseases in other parts of the human body where microbial communities exist. This review examines the scientific data related to the effects of pre- and probiotics on the treatment of diseases occurring in the skin, female urogenital tract, and respiratory tract. The evidence suggests that probiotics consumption can decrease the presence of eczema in children when their mothers have consumed probiotics during pregnancy and lactation. In women, probiotics consumption can effectively prevent recurrent urinary tract infections. The consumption of synbiotic products can reduce respiratory tract infections and their duration and severity. However, the outcomes of the meta-analyses are still limited and not sufficiently conclusive to support the use of probiotics to treat infectious diseases. This is largely a result of the limited number of studies, lack of standardization of the studies, and inconsistencies between the reported results. Therefore, it is advisable that future studies consider these shortcomings and include the evaluation of the combined use of pre- and probiotics.

中文翻译：

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益生菌和益生元具有护理皮肤、女性泌尿生殖道和呼吸道的潜力。

由于益生元和益生菌的消费对人类健康的积极影响，其影响超出了消化系统的范围，因此益生元和益生菌市场不断增长。此外，由于益生菌和益生菌之间的协同效应为消费者提供了额外的好处，合生元产品市场也在不断扩大。目前正在评估益生菌和益生菌在存在微生物群落的人体其他部位治疗和预防传染病的有效性。本综述探讨了益生菌和益生菌对皮肤、女性泌尿生殖道和呼吸道疾病治疗效果的相关科学数据。有证据表明，当母亲在怀孕和哺乳期间食用益生菌时，食用益生菌可以减少儿童湿疹的发生率。对于女性来说，食用益生菌可以有效预防复发性尿路感染。食用合生元产品可以减少呼吸道感染及其持续时间和严重程度。然而，荟萃分析的结果仍然有限，并且没有足够的结论来支持使用益生菌治疗传染病。这主要是由于研究数量有限、研究缺乏标准化以及报告结果之间不一致的结果。因此，建议未来的研究考虑这些缺点，并包括对益生菌和益生菌联合使用的评估。