Cholestasis means impaired bile synthesis or secretion. In fact, it is a bile flow reduction following Bile Duct Ligation (BDL). Cholestasis has a main role in necrosis and apoptosis. Apoptosis is a form of programmed cell death that has intrinsic and extrinsic pathways. The intrinsic pathway is mediated by Bcl-2 (B cell lymphoma-2) proteins which integrate death and survival signals. Bcl-2 has anti-apoptotic and Bax has pro-apoptotic effects. Also, striatum is one of the brain regions that has high expressions of Bcl-2 proteins. Moreover, Tfam and Pgc-1α are involved in mitochondrial biogenesis. On the other hand, NeuroAid, is a drug that has neuroprotective and anti-apoptosis effects. In this study, using quantitative PCR, we measured the expression of all these genes in the striatum of male rats following BDL and NeuroAid administration. Results showed, BDL increased the expression of Bax and Tfam and decreased the expression of Bcl-2. NeuroAid restored the effect of BDL on the expression of Bax, while did not alter the effect of BDL on Bcl-2. In addition, it increased the expression of Tfam that was previously elevated by BDL and raised the expression of Tfam in normal rats. Both BDL and NeuroAid, had no effect on Pgc-1α. In conclusion, cholestasis increased the expression of Bax and decreased the expression of Bcl-2, and this effect may have related to enhanced susceptibility of mitochondrial pathways following oxidative stress. Tfam expression was increased following cholestasis and this effect may have related to cellular compensatory mechanisms against high accumulation of free radicals or mitochondrial biogenesis failure. Furthermore, NeuroAid may play a role against apoptosis and can be used to increase mitochondrial biogenesis.

中文翻译：

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胆汁淤积和NeuroAid处理对雄性大鼠纹状体凋亡和线粒体生物发生相关Bax，Bcl-2，Pgc-1α和Tfam基因表达的影响。

胆汁淤积是指胆汁合成或分泌受损。实际上，这是胆道结扎术（BDL）后胆汁流量的减少。胆汁淤积在坏死和凋亡中起主要作用。凋亡是具有内在和外在途径的程序性细胞死亡的一种形式。固有途径由整合死亡和生存信号的Bcl-2（B细胞淋巴瘤2）蛋白介导。Bcl-2具有抗凋亡作用，而Bax具有促凋亡作用。另外，纹状体是Bcl-2蛋白高表达的大脑区域之一。此外，Tfam和Pgc-1α参与线粒体的生物发生。另一方面，NeuroAid是一种具有神经保护和抗凋亡作用的药物。在这项研究中，使用定量PCR，我们测量了BDL和NeuroAid给药后雄性大鼠纹状体中所有这些基因的表达。结果表明，BDL增加了Bax和Tfam的表达，并降低了Bcl-2的表达。NeuroAid恢复了BDL对Bax表达的作用，而没有改变BDL对Bcl-2的作用。另外，它增加了以前由BDL升高的Tfam的表达，并提高了正常大鼠中Tfam的表达。BDL和NeuroAid均对Pgc-1α无影响。总之，胆汁淤积增加了Bax的表达并降低了Bcl-2的表达，这种作用可能与氧化应激后线粒体途径敏感性增加有关。胆汁淤积后Tfam表达增加，这种作用可能与针对自由基的高累积或线粒体生物发生失败的细胞补偿机制有关。此外，