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"It's all in their head": hierarchical exploration of a three-dimensional layered pyramid in rats.
Animal Cognition ( IF 1.9 ) Pub Date : 2019-11-26 , DOI: 10.1007/s10071-019-01332-8
Zohar Hagbi 1 , Alexandra Dorfman 1 , Efrat Blumenfeld-Lieberthal 2 , David Eilam 1
Affiliation  

Wayfinding in a three-dimensional (3D) environment is intricate, and surface-bounded animals may overcome this complexity by breaking it down into horizontal layers along with the vertical location of each layer. Here, we examined how rats explored a layered pyramid placed in a large open field. We found that exploration presented a hierarchical (or fractal) shape of three types of roundtrips: (1) from the primary home-base to the open-field floor; (2) from the floor up and down the pyramid levels; and (3) from local home-base on each pyramid level. Ascent was slow and interrupted, whereas descent was fast. This difference was a result of level altitude, remaining after data were normalized proportionally to level area. In contrast, the time spent and the distance traveled on each level were dependent on level area, not on level altitude. This structure of spatial behavior accords with multilevel exploration, presenting a relatively independent exploration of each level. The vertical dimension in this experiment thus did not alter the typical spatiotemporal behavior, and the 3D environment was explored by application of the same spatiotemporal approach as that of a horizontal open field. We suggest that this lack of alteration is due to the horizontal posture of the animal’s head and trunk during progression on the pyramid. This behavior also seems to fit the bicoding hypothesis, in which the vertical information is virtually contextual (non-metric), and so, when the rat progresses to a new level, it explores it as a newly accessed horizontal floor area.

中文翻译:

“一切都在他们的头上”:对大鼠中的三维分层金字塔的分层探索。

在三维(3D)环境中的寻路十分复杂,地表有界动物可以通过将其分解为水平层以及每层的垂直位置来克服这种复杂性。在这里,我们检查了老鼠如何探索放置在大空旷地区的分层金字塔。我们发现,探索呈现出三种类型的往返行程的分层(或分形)形状:(1)从主要家庭基地到露天场地。(2)从地板上下金字塔的高度;(3)在每个金字塔级别都来自本地总部。上升缓慢且中断,而下降迅速。这种差异是水准高度的结果,在将数据按水准面积成比例地归一化之后仍然存在。相反,在每个水平仪上花费的时间和行进距离取决于水平仪区域,而不是水平仪高度。这种空间行为的结构与多层次探索相一致,呈现出每个层次相对独立的探索。因此,此实验中的垂直尺寸不会改变典型的时空行为,并且通过使用与水平空旷地区相同的时空方法来探索3D环境。我们认为这种缺乏变化的原因是动物在金字塔上前进过程中头部和躯干的水平姿势。这种行为似乎也符合双编码假设,在该假设中,垂直信息实际上是上下文(非度量)的,因此,当大鼠前进到新的水平时,它将探索它为新访问的水平地板区域。因此,此实验中的垂直尺寸不会改变典型的时空行为,并且通过使用与水平空旷场相同的时空方法来探索3D环境。我们认为这种缺乏变化的原因是动物在金字塔上前进过程中头部和躯干的水平姿势。这种行为似乎也符合双编码假设,在该假设中,垂直信息实际上是上下文(非度量)的,因此,当大鼠前进到新的水平时,它将探索它为新访问的水平地板区域。因此,此实验中的垂直尺寸不会改变典型的时空行为,并且通过使用与水平空旷场相同的时空方法来探索3D环境。我们认为这种缺乏变化的原因是动物在金字塔上前进过程中头部和躯干的水平姿势。这种行为似乎也符合双编码假设,在该假设中,垂直信息实际上是上下文(非度量)的,因此,当大鼠前进到新的水平时,它将探索它为新访问的水平地板区域。我们认为这种缺乏变化的原因是动物在金字塔上前进过程中头部和躯干的水平姿势。这种行为似乎也符合双编码假设,在该假设中,垂直信息实际上是上下文(非度量)的,因此,当大鼠前进到新的水平时,它将探索它为新访问的水平地板区域。我们认为这种缺乏变化的原因是动物在金字塔上前进过程中头部和躯干的水平姿势。这种行为似乎也符合双编码假设,在该假设中,垂直信息实际上是上下文(非度量)的,因此,当大鼠前进到新的水平时,它将探索它为新访问的水平地板区域。
更新日期:2019-11-26
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