To analyze the influence of tobacco smoking on systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) clinical features and damage. Cross-sectional and retrospective, case-control study comparing SLE patients with and without tobacco exposure. Cumulative clinical data and comorbidities were collected, and severity (Katz index) and damage (SLICC/ACR damage index) (SDI) indices were calculated. Pack-years (PY) was used to estimate lifetime tobacco exposure. A logistic regression was carried out to explore the impact of tobacco use on retinal damage. 216 patients were included. The mean age was 49 years (± 12.7), 93% were females, and median disease duration was 17 years [interquartile range (IQR):9-25]. Fifty-three percent of patients were smokers at some point. The median PY was 13 (IQR: 6-20.5). Only 54.8% of active smokers recalled having been informed of the negative effects of smoking, versus 83.3% of never smokers (< 0.001). In a bivariant analysis, an association between tobacco use at any time and discoid lupus [OR: 3.5(95%CI 1.5-8.9); p = 0.002] photosensitivity [OR: 2.06(95%CI 1.16-3.7); p = 0.01] and peripheral arteriopathy (p = 0.007) was found. Considering SDI item by item, a significant association with retinal damage, adjusted for age [OR: 1.03(95%CI 1-1.07); p = 0.04], was found. Using PYs, an association was found with discoid lupus (p = 0.01), photosensitivity (p = 0.03) and peripheral arteriopathy (p = 0.01), global SDI > 0 (p = 0.002) and retinal damage (p = 0.02). In a multivariate analysis exploring factors associated with retinal damage, any previous smoking history and SDI remained associated with retinal damage. Tobacco smoking is associated with cutaneous manifestations and damage and is an independent predictor of retinal damage in SLE patients.

中文翻译：

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吸烟是与系统性红斑狼疮视网膜损害相关的独立因素：一项横断面和回顾性研究。

分析吸烟对系统性红斑狼疮（SLE）临床特征和损害的影响。横断面和回顾性病例对照研究比较了有和没有烟草接触的SLE患者。收集累积的临床数据和合并症，并计算严重程度（Katz指数）和损伤（SLICC / ACR损伤指数）（SDI）指数。包年（PY）用于估计终生烟草暴露。进行了逻辑回归分析，以探讨烟草使用对视网膜损害的影响。包括216名患者。平均年龄为49岁（±12.7），女性为93％，中位病程为17岁[四分位间距（IQR）：9-25]。在某一时刻有53％的患者吸烟。中位PY为13（IQR：6-20.5）。才54 主动吸烟者中有8％记得曾被告知吸烟的负面影响，而从未吸烟者中则有83.3％（<0.001）。在双变量分析中，随时使用烟草与盘状狼疮之间的相关性[OR：3.5（95％CI 1.5-8.9）；p = 0.002]光敏性[OR：2.06（95％CI 1.16-3.7）; p = 0.01]，发现周围动脉病变（p = 0.007）。考虑SDI逐项考虑，与年龄相关的视网膜损伤显着相关[OR：1.03（95％CI 1-1.07）；p = 0.04]。使用PYs，发现与盘状狼疮（p = 0.01），光敏性（p = 0.03）和周围动脉病变（p = 0.01），总体SDI> 0（p = 0.002）和视网膜损伤（p = 0.02）相关。在探索与视网膜损伤相关的因素的多变量分析中，任何以前的吸烟史和SDI仍与视网膜损伤相关。