Because of variation in linkage phase and heterozygosity among individuals, some individuals produce genetically more variable gametes than others. With the availability of genomic EBVs (GEBVs) or estimates of SNP-effects together with phased genotypes, differences in gametic variability can be quantified by simulating a set of virtual gametes of each selection candidate. Previous results in dairy cattle show that gametic variance can be large. Here, we show that breeders can increase the probability of breeding a top-ranking genotype and response to recurrent selection by selecting parents that produce more variable gametes, using the index [Formula: see text] where [Formula: see text] is the standardized normal truncation point belonging to selected proportion p, and SDgGEBV is the SD of the GEBV of an individual's gametes. Benefits of the index were considerably larger in an ongoing selection program with equilibrium genetic parameters than in an initially unselected population. Superiority of the index over selection on GEBV increased strongly with the magnitude of the [Formula: see text] indicating that benefits of the index may vary considerably among populations. Compared to selection on ordinary GEBV, the probability of breeding a top-ranking individual can be increased by ∼36%, and response to selection by ∼3.6% when selection is strong (P = 0.001) based on values for the Holstein-Friesian dairy cattle population. Two-stage selection, with a preselection on GEBV and a final selection on the index, considerably reduced computational requirements with little loss of benefits. Response to multiple generations of selection and inheritance of the SDgEBV require further study.

中文翻译：

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通过选择具有更大配子变异的亲本来培育顶级基因型并加速对循环选择的反应。


由于个体间连锁相和杂合性的差异，一些个体产生比其他个体更多的遗传变异配子。利用基因组 EBV (GEBV) 或 SNP 效应估计以及阶段性基因型，可以通过模拟每个选择候选者的一组虚拟配子来量化配子变异性的差异。先前对奶牛的研究结果表明，配子变异可能很大。在这里，我们表明，育种者可以通过选择产生更多可变配子的亲本，使用索引[公式：参见文本]（其中[公式：参见文本]是标准化）来增加育种顶级基因型的概率和对循环选择的反应属于所选比例p 的正常截断点， SDgGEBV是个体配子 GEBV 的 SD。在具有平衡遗传参数的持续选择计划中，该指数的效益比最初未选择的群体大得多。该指数相对于 GEBV 选择的优越性随着[公式：见文本]的大小而强烈增加，表明该指数的益处在人群之间可能有很大差异。与普通 GEBV 的选择相比，根据荷斯坦-弗里斯兰奶牛的值，培育出顶级个体的概率可增加约 36%，当选择强时（ P = 0.001），对选择的反应可增加约 3.6%牛群数量。两阶段选择，包括对 GEBV 的预选和对索引的最终选择，大大减少了计算要求，而几乎没有损失任何好处。 SDgEBV对多代选择和遗传的反应需要进一步研究。