This review focuses on fibrin, starting from biological mechanisms (its production from fibrinogen and its enzymatic degradation), through its use as a medical device and as a biomaterial, and finally discussing the techniques used to add biological functions and/or improve its mechanical performance through its molecular engineering. Fibrin is a material of biological (human, and even patient's own) origin, injectable, adhesive, and remodellable by cells; further, it is nature's most common choice for an in situ forming, provisional matrix. Its widespread use in the clinic and in research is therefore completely unsurprising. There are, however, areas where its biomedical performance can be improved, namely achieving a better control over mechanical properties (and possibly higher modulus), slowing down degradation or incorporating cell‐instructive functions (e.g., controlled delivery of growth factors). The authors here specifically review the efforts made in the last 20 years to achieve these aims via biomimetic reactions or self‐assembly, as much via formation of hybrid materials.

中文翻译：

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纤维蛋白基质作为（可注射的）生物材料：形成，临床用途和分子工程。

这篇综述着重于纤维蛋白，从生物学机制（其从纤维蛋白原的产生及其酶促降解）开始，一直到用作医疗器械和生物材料，最后讨论了用于增加生物学功能和/或改善其机械性能的技术。通过其分子工程学。纤维蛋白是一种生物（人类甚至患者自己的）起源的材料，可以被细胞注射，粘附和重塑。此外，它是自然形成的临时基质临时选择。因此，它在临床和研究中的广泛使用是完全不足为奇的。但是，在某些地方可以改善其生物医学性能，即更好地控制机械性能（可能还有更高的模量），减慢降解速度或整合细胞指导功能（例如，控制生长因子的递送）。本文作者特别回顾了过去20年中通过仿生反应或自组装以及通过形成杂化材料来实现这些目标的努力。