Among the factors associated with the resurgence of whooping cough, special emphasis has been given to pathogen adaptation after the introduction of the acellular vaccine (ACV). To assess the impact of the vaccine transition strategy from whole-cell vaccine (WCV) to ACV on population dynamics of Bordetella pertussis in Barcelona (Spain), we studied 339 isolates collected from 1986 to 2015 by PFGE and multi-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA). Additionally, allelic variants for the pertussis toxin and its promoter, pertactin, type 3 fimbriae and fimbrial serotyping were assessed to determine its antigenic drift. A shift was observed in the B. pertussis population as well as in its antigenic profile concurrently with the introduction of ACV in Barcelona. Four out of the five most prevalent PFGE profiles were replaced by new profiles following the ACV introduction. MLVA type 27 was the dominant genotype, and its frequency increased from 25% to 79.3% after WCV replacement. Antigen typing demonstrated the emergence of prn2, ptxP3, fim3-2 and a shift from the fimbriae 3 to the fimbriae 2 serotypes after the ACV introduction. Our findings support the presence of population and antigenic dynamic changes in B. pertussis likely driven by the introduction of ACV.

中文翻译：

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更换全细胞疫苗后百日咳博德氏杆菌的种群动态和抗原性漂移，西班牙巴塞罗那，1986-2015年。

在与百日咳复发有关的因素中，引入无细胞疫苗（ACV）后特别重视病原体适应。为了评估从全细胞疫苗（WCV）到ACV的疫苗过渡策略对巴塞罗那（西班牙）百日咳博德特氏菌种群动态的影响，我们研究了1986年至2015年间通过PFGE和多位点可变数目串联收集的339种分离株重复分析（MLVA）。此外，评估了百日咳毒素及其启动子，百日咳杆菌粘附素，3型菌毛和纤毛血清分型的等位基因变异，以确定其抗原漂移。在巴塞罗那引入ACV的同时，百日咳博德特氏菌种群及其抗原谱发生了变化。在引入ACV之后，五个最流行的PFGE配置文件中的四个被新配置文件替换。MLVA类型27是主要基因型，更换WCV后其频率从25％增加到79.3％。抗原分型显示了ACV引入后prn2，ptxP3，fim3-2的出现以及从菌毛3到菌毛2血清型的转变。我们的发现支持百日咳博德特氏菌的种群和抗原动态变化的存在，可能是由于引入ACV引起的。