A single oral dose of fluralaner (Bravecto®) in dogs rapidly kills 100% of blood-fed Phlebotomus perniciosus, a main visceral leishmaniasis vector, for at least 1 month after treatment.,Medical and Veterinary Entomology

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A single oral dose of fluralaner (Bravecto®) in dogs rapidly kills 100% of blood-fed Phlebotomus perniciosus, a main visceral leishmaniasis vector, for at least 1 month after treatment.
Medical and Veterinary Entomology ( IF 1.6 ) Pub Date : 2019-11-26 , DOI: 10.1111/mve.12420
G Bongiorno ₁ , L Meyer ₂ , A Evans ₂ , N Lekouch ₂ , R Bianchi ₁ , C Khoury ₁ , R Chiummo ₃ , E Thomas ₃ , L Gradoni ₁

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Dogs are the reservoir host of zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis (VL) caused by Leishmania infantum (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae). Both subclinically-infected and sick animals can be infectious to competent phlebotomine vectors. The degree and duration of insecticidal efficacy of an oral dose of fluralaner (Bravecto®; Merck Animal Health) was determined in dogs exposed to bites of Phlebotomus perniciosus (Diptera: Psychodidae), a main Mediterranean vector of VL. Twelve dogs allocated to two groups of six animals each were included in a parallel-group designed, negative-controlled, randomized, blinded, single-centre efficacy study. Group 2 was treated with fluralaner on day 0, and sand-fly exposure of both groups was performed on days 1, 28 and 84. Viability of blood-fed females was assessed up to 96 h after exposure and efficacy was measured as the survival rate of specimens fed on Group 2 versus those fed on Group 1. A mortality of 100% was recorded at 24 h in females fed on Group 2 at both days 1 and 28. Significant insecticidal efficacy was still observed on day 84, with > 50% mortality recorded by 48 h post blood meal in Group 2. Fluralaner treatment of dogs represents a promising and affordable method for reducing the pool of infected vectors in endemic settings of zoonotic VL.

中文翻译：

狗单次口服 Fluralaner (Bravecto®)，可在治疗后至少 1 个月内迅速杀死 100% 的血液喂养的白蛉（一种主要的内脏利什曼病媒介）。

狗是由婴儿利什曼原虫（动质体：锥虫科）引起的人畜共患内脏利什曼病（VL）的储存宿主。亚临床感染的动物和患病的动物都可能感染有能力的白血球碱载体。在暴露于白蛉（Phlebotomus perniciosus）（双翅目：Psychodidae）（VL 的主要地中海传播媒介）叮咬的狗中，测定了口服剂量的 fluralaner（Bravecto®；Merck Animal Health）的杀虫效力的程度和持续时间。十二只狗被分配到两组，每组六只动物，被纳入平行组设计、阴性对照、随机、盲法、单中心疗效研究。第 2 组在第 0 天用 fluralaner 治疗，两组在第 1、28 和 84 天进行白蛉暴露。在暴露后 96 小时内评估吸血雌性的生存能力，并以存活率来衡量疗效喂食第 2 组的标本与喂食第 1 组的标本相比。在第 1 天和第 28 天，喂食第 2 组的雌性在 24 小时内的死亡率均为 100%。在第 84 天仍观察到显着的杀虫功效，> 50%第 2 组在吸血后 48 小时记录死亡率。对狗进行 Fluralaner 治疗是减少人畜共患 VL 流行环境中感染媒介数量的一种有前途且经济实惠的方法。

更新日期：2019-11-26

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