The Hippo signaling pathway is highly conserved from Drosophila melanogaster to mammals and plays a crucial role in organ size control, tissue regeneration, and tumor suppression. The Yes-associated protein (YAP) is an important transcriptional co-activator that is negatively regulated by the Hippo signaling pathway. The Hippo signaling pathway is also regulated by various upstream regulators, such as cell polarity, adhesion proteins, and other signaling pathways (the Wnt/β-catenin, Notch, and MAPK pathways). Recently, accumulated evidence suggests that the Hippo/YAP signaling pathway plays important roles in central nervous system development and brain tumor, including glioma. In this review, we summarize the results of recent studies on the physiological effect of the Hippo/YAP signaling pathway in neural stem cells, neural progenitor cells, and glial cells. In particular, we also focus on the expression of MST1/2, LATS1/2, and the downstream effector YAP, in glioma, and offer a review of the latest research of the Hippo/YAP signaling pathway in glioma pathogenesis. Finally, we also present future research directions and potential therapeutic strategies for targeting the Hippo/YAP signaling in glioma.

中文翻译：

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河马/ YAP信号通路在脑发育和神经胶质瘤中的最新进展。

河马信号通路从果蝇到哺乳动物高度保守，在器官大小控制，组织再生和肿瘤抑制中起着至关重要的作用。Yes相关蛋白（YAP）是一种重要的转录共激活因子，受到Hippo信号通路的负调控。Hippo信号通路也受到各种上游调节剂的调控，例如细胞极性，粘附蛋白和其他信号通路（Wnt /β-catenin，Notch和MAPK通路）。最近，积累的证据表明，Hippo / YAP信号通路在中枢神经系统发育和脑瘤（包括神经胶质瘤）中起着重要作用。在这篇综述中，我们总结了关于Hippo / YAP信号通路在神经干细胞，神经祖细胞，和胶质细胞。特别是，我们还关注神经胶质瘤中MST1 / 2，LATS1 / 2和下游效应子YAP的表达，并综述了Hippo / YAP信号通路在神经胶质瘤发病中的最新研究。最后，我们还介绍了针对神经胶质瘤中Hippo / YAP信号转导的未来研究方向和潜在的治疗策略。