The human brain is often described as the most complex organ in our body. Because of the limited accessibility of living brain tissue, human-specific features of neurodevelopment and disease remain largely unknown. The ability of induced pluripotent stem cells to self-organize into 3D brain organoids has revolutionized approaches to studying brain development in vitro. This review will first look at the history of studying neural development in a dish and how organoids came to be. We evaluate the ability of brain organoids to recapitulate key developmental events, focusing on the generation of various regional identities, cytoarchitecture, cell diversity, features of neuronal maturation, and circuit formation. We also consider the limitations of the model and review recent approaches to improve reproducibility and the healthy maturation of brain organoids.

中文翻译：

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脑类器官：盘中的人类神经发育。

人脑通常被描述为我们身体中最复杂的器官。由于活脑组织的可及性有限，神经发育和疾病的人类特异性特征在很大程度上仍然未知。诱导多能干细胞自组织成 3D 大脑类器官的能力彻底改变了体外研究大脑发育的方法。这篇综述将首先回顾在培养皿中研究神经发育的历史以及类器官是如何形成的。我们评估大脑类器官重述关键发育事件的能力，重点关注各种区域身份、细胞结构、细胞多样性、神经元成熟特征和电路形成的生成。