Tissue engineering uses a combination of cell biology, chemistry, and biomaterials to fabricate three dimensional (3D) tissues that mimic the architecture of extracellular matrix (ECM) comprising diverse interwoven nanofibrous structure. Among several methods for producing nanofibrous scaffolds, electrospinning has gained intense interest because it can make nanofibers with a porous structure and high specific surface area. The processing and solution parameters of electrospinning can considerably affect the assembly and structural morphology of the fabricated nanofibers. Electrospun nanofibers can be made from natural or synthetic polymers and blending them is a straightforward way to tune the functionality of the nanofibers. Furthermore, the electrospun nanofibers can be functionalized with various surface modification strategies. In this review, we highlight the latest achievements in fabricating electrospun nanofibers and describe various ways to modify the surface and structure of scaffolds to promote their functionality. We also summarize the application of advanced polymeric nanofibrous scaffolds in the regeneration of human bone, cartilage, vascular tissues, and tendons/ligaments.

中文翻译：

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聚合物纳米纤维在组织工程中的应用研究进展


组织工程结合细胞生物学、化学和生物材料来制造三维 (3D) 组织，模拟由不同交织的纳米纤维结构组成的细胞外基质 (ECM) 的结构。在生产纳米纤维支架的几种方法中，静电纺丝因其可以制造具有多孔结构和高比表面积的纳米纤维而引起了人们的广泛兴趣。静电纺丝的加工和溶液参数可以极大地影响所制造的纳米纤维的组装和结构形态。电纺纳米纤维可以由天然或合成聚合物制成，将它们混合是调整纳米纤维功能的直接方法。此外，电纺纳米纤维可以通过各种表面改性策略进行功能化。在这篇综述中，我们重点介绍了制造静电纺纳米纤维的最新成就，并描述了修饰支架表面和结构以提高其功能的各种方法。我们还总结了先进的聚合物纳米纤维支架在人体骨骼、软骨、血管组织和肌腱/韧带再生中的应用。