Background and Purpose HIV testing is an essential tool for identifying people at risk for HIV infection and linking those who are infected to care. Despite the recommendation for routine HIV testing for people who are vulnerable to HIV infection, healthcare professionals experience difficulties initiating discussions related to sexual health and recommending HIV testing. Healthcare professionals not offering HIV testing is a frequently reported reason for delays in testing. Self-initiated HIV testing is understudied and vital to improving HIV testing rates, treatment, and the process of HIV prevention. The main aim of this integrative literature review is to identify facilitators, barriers, and outcomes of self-initiated HIV testing. Method A search of PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, EBSCO host, and Google Scholar, revealed 31 studies that met the inclusion criteria. Results Self-initiated HIV testing is voluntarily requested and completed by individuals either using self-testing kits or in a setting that provides HIV testing. Perception of susceptibility to HIV infection, privacy, access to HIV testing sites or self-testing kits, and knowledge related to HIV infection and testing, were some of the salient facilitators and barriers to self-initiated HIV testing. Findings from our review indicate several benefits to self-initiated HIV testing, including early identification of acute HIV infection, increased likelihood for the uptake of HIV prevention interventions, and a reduction in sexual risk behaviors. Implication for Practice Nursing initiatives geared toward promoting self-initiated HIV testing will lead to prompt diagnoses and linkages to treatment which will further improve nursing care and a variety of health outcomes.

中文翻译：

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自我启动的HIV检测的促进因素，障碍和结果：综合文献综述。

背景和目的HIV检测是识别感染HIV风险的人并将感染者与护理人员联系起来的重要工具。尽管建议对易感染HIV的人群进行常规HIV检测，但医疗保健专业人员在发起与性健康相关的讨论以及推荐HIV检测方面遇到困难。不提供HIV检测的医护人员经常被报告延迟检测。对自我启动的HIV检测的研究不足，对于提高HIV检测率，治疗和HIV预防过程至关重要。这项综合性文献综述的主要目的是确定自我启动的HIV检测的促进因素，障碍和结果。方法搜索PubMed，CINAHL，PsycINFO，EBSCO主机和Google Scholar，揭示了31项符合纳入标准的研究。结果个人自愿使用自我检测工具或在提供HIV检测的环境中自愿要求完成HIV检测。对艾滋病毒易感性的感知，隐私，对艾滋病毒检测站点或自我检测工具的访问以及与艾滋病毒感染和检测有关的知识是自我发起艾滋病毒检测的一些重要促进因素和障碍。我们审查的结果表明，自我启动的HIV检测有很多好处，包括及早发现急性HIV感染，采用HIV预防干预措施的可能性增加以及性风险行为减少。