A patient presenting with marked elevation in blood pressure and concurrent headache often presents a diagnostic challenge for even the most seasoned clinician. When marked hypertension and headache occur in a patient with a history of upper spinal cord injury, the patient should be presumed to have autonomic dysreflexia until proven otherwise. Autonomic dysreflexia can at times trigger headaches, hypertension, and variations in pulse, as well other autonomic signs and symptoms. Autonomic dysreflexia is a medical emergency for which appropriate treatment may be life-saving. In this review, we address the historical origins, risk factors, pathophysiology, diagnostic criteria, clinical presentation, differential diagnosis, and treatment of headache attributed to autonomic dysreflexia. Included are two case presentations from the authors’ clinic, which illustrate the diagnosis and treatment of headache attributed to autonomic dysreflexia.

中文翻译：

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归因于自主神经反射不良的头痛：临床表现，病理生理学和治疗。

血压显着升高并发头痛的患者，即使是经验最丰富的临床医生也常常面临诊断挑战。如果有上脊髓损伤史的患者出现明显的高血压和头痛，则应假定该患者患有自主神经反射不良，除非有其他证明。自主神经反射异常有时会引发头痛，高血压，脉搏变化以及其他自主神经体征和症状。自主神经反射不良是一种医学急症，对其进行适当治疗可能可以挽救生命。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了历史原因，危险因素，病理生理学，诊断标准，临床表现，鉴别诊断和因自主神经反射不良而引起的头痛的治疗。其中包括来自作者诊所的两个案例演示，