The evidence about the health benefits of regular physical activity is well established. Exercise intensity is a significant variable and structured high-intensity interval training (HIIT) has been demonstrated to improve both whole-body and skeletal muscle metabolic health in different populations. Conversely, fatigue accumulation, if not resolved, leads to overwork, chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), overtraining syndrome up to alterations of endocrine function, immune, systemic inflammation, and organic diseases with health threat. In response to temporary increases in stress during training, some athletes are unable to maintain sufficient caloric intake, thus suffering a negative energy balance that causes further stress. The regulation of the energy balance is controlled by the central nervous system through an elaborate interaction of the signalling that involves different tissues such as leptin, adiponectin and ghrelin whose provide important feedback to the hypothalamus to regulate the energy balance. Although exercise-induced reactive oxygen species are required for normal force production in muscle, high levels of ROS appear to promote contractile dysfunction. However, a high level of oxidative stress in may induce a rise in inflammatory markers and a disregulation in expression of adiponectin, leptin and grelin.

中文翻译：

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运动训练中的氧化应激：炎症和周围信号的参与。

关于定期进行体育锻炼对健康有益的证据已得到充分证实。运动强度是一个重要的变量，结构性高强度间歇训练（HIIT）已被证明可以改善不同人群的全身和骨骼肌代谢健康。相反，疲劳累积（如果不能解决）会导致过度劳累，慢性疲劳综合症（CFS），过度训练综合症，直至内分泌功能改变，免疫，全身性炎症和对健康构成威胁的器质性疾病。在训练过程中，由于暂时性的压力增加，一些运动员无法保持足够的热量摄入，因此遭受负能量平衡，从而导致进一步的压力。能量平衡的调节由中枢神经系统通过涉及不同组织（例如瘦素，脂联素和生长素释放肽）的信号的精细相互作用来控制，它们向下丘脑提供重要反馈以调节能量平衡。尽管在肌肉中正常产生力量需要运动诱发的活性氧，但高水平的ROS似乎会促进收缩功能障碍。但是，高水平的氧化应激可能会引起炎症标志物的升高和脂联素，瘦素和grelin表达的失调。尽管在肌肉中正常产生力量需要运动诱发的活性氧，但高水平的ROS似乎会促进收缩功能障碍。但是，高水平的氧化应激可能会引起炎症标志物的升高和脂联素，瘦素和grelin表达的失调。尽管在肌肉中正常产生力量需要运动诱发的活性氧，但是高水平的ROS似乎会促进收缩功能障碍。但是，高水平的氧化应激可能会引起炎症标志物的升高和脂联素，瘦素和grelin表达的失调。