Abstract Biofilm formation by pathogens and opportunistic bacteria is the basis of persistent or recurrent infections. Up to 80% of bacterial infections in humans are associated with biofilms. Despite the efficiency of the evolved and complex human defence system against planktonic bacteria, biofilms are capable of subverting host defences. The immune system is not completely effective in opposing bacteria and preventing infection. Increasing attention is being focussed on the mechanisms enabling bacterial biofilms to skew the coordinate action of humoral and cell mediated responses. Knowledge of the interactions between biofilm bacteria and the immune system is critical to effectively address biofilm infections, which have multiplied over the years with the spread of biomaterials in medicine. In this article, the latest information on the interactions between bacterial biofilms and immune cells is examined and the areas where of information is still lacking are explored.

中文翻译：

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生物膜劫持免疫防御：一种多前沿策略

摘要 病原体和机会性细菌形成的生物膜是持续或反复感染的基础。高达 80% 的人类细菌感染与生物膜有关。尽管针对浮游细菌的进化和复杂的人类防御系统具有效率，但生物膜能够破坏宿主防御。免疫系统在对抗细菌和预防感染方面并不完全有效。越来越多的注意力集中在使细菌生物膜扭曲体液和细胞介导反应的协调作用的机制上。生物膜细菌与免疫系统之间相互作用的知识对于有效解决生物膜感染至关重要，多年来随着生物材料在医学中的传播，生物膜感染成倍增加。在本文中，