Breast cancer (BC) is a serious worldwide disease that threatens women’s health. Particularly, the morbidity of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is higher than that of other BC types due to its high molecular heterogeneity, metastatic potential and poor prognosis. TNBC lacks of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), so there are still no effective treatment methods for TNBC. Here, we reviewed the classification of TNBC, its molecular mechanisms of pathogenesis, treatment methods and prognosis. Finding effective targets is critical for the treatment of TNBC. Also, refining the classification of TNBC is benefited to choose the treatment of TNBC, because the sensitivity of chemotherapy is different in different TNBC. Some new treatment methods have been proposed in recent years, such as nutritional therapy and noncoding RNA treatment methods. There are some disadvantages, such as the side effect on normal cells after nutrient deprivation, low specificity and instability of noncoding RNA. More studies are necessary to improve the treatment of TNBC.

乳腺癌（BC）是严重的全球性疾病，威胁着妇女的健康。特别是，三阴性乳腺癌（TNBC）的发病率高于其他BC类型，这是由于其分子异质性高，转移潜力大和预后差。TNBC缺乏雌激素受体（ER），孕激素受体（PR）和人表皮生长因子受体2（HER2），因此尚无有效的TNBC治疗方法。在这里，我们回顾了TNBC的分类，其发病机理，治疗方法和预后的分子机制。寻找有效的靶标对于TNBC的治疗至关重要。此外，由于不同TNBC的化疗敏感性不同，因此细化TNBC的分类有助于选择TNBC的治疗方法。近年来提出了一些新的治疗方法，例如营养治疗和非编码RNA治疗方法。存在一些缺点，例如营养缺乏后对正常细胞的副作用，特异性低和非编码RNA不稳定。有必要进行更多的研究以改善TNBC的治疗。