Demographic change is supposed to be the most important indirect driver for changing biodiversity. In this article, a systematic review of 148 studies was conducted to examine the scientific evidence for this relationship and to identify potential gaps in research. We explored the spatial distribution of studies, the categories addressed with respect to biodiversity and demographic change, and the ways in which their relationships were conceptualised (spatially and temporally) and valued. The majority of studies were carried out in Africa, Europe and North America. Our analysis confirms the trend that demographic phenomena were mostly found to negatively influence biodiversity. However, a considerable number of studies also point towards impacts that were context dependent, either positive or negative under certain circumstances. In addition to that we identified significant gaps in research. In particular, there is a lack of addressing (1) other demographic aspects such as population decline, age structure or gender differences, (2) spatial variability of, e.g. human population growth, (3) long-term effects of demographic processes, and (4) the context dependency (e.g. regulations/law enforcement, type of human activities, and choice of scale or proxy). We conclude there is evidence that the relationship between biodiversity and demographic change is much more complex than expected and so far represented in research. Thus, we call for a social–ecological biodiversity research that particularly focusses on the functional relation between biodiversity and human activities, namely the different types, context, and interdependent dynamics (spatial and temporal) of this complex relation.

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对生物多样性和人口变化的系统评价：一种被误解的关系？

人口变化应该是改变生物多样性的最重要的间接驱动因素。在本文中，对 148 项研究进行了系统评价，以检查这种关系的科学证据并确定研究中的潜在差距。我们探索了研究的空间分布，涉及生物多样性和人口变化的类别，以及它们之间的关系被概念化（空间和时间）和价值的方式。大多数研究是在非洲、欧洲和北美进行的。我们的分析证实了人口现象大多被发现对生物多样性产生负面影响的趋势。然而，相当多的研究也指出了依赖于环境的影响，在某些情况下是积极的或消极的。除此之外，我们还发现了研究中的重大差距。特别是缺乏解决 (1) 其他人口方面的问题，例如人口下降、年龄结构或性别差异，(2) 空间可变性，例如人口增长，(3) 人口过程的长期影响，以及(4) 上下文相关性（例如法规/执法、人类活动的类型以及规模或代理的选择）。我们得出的结论是，有证据表明生物多样性与人口变化之间的关系比预期的要复杂得多，并且迄今为止在研究中有所体现。因此，我们呼吁开展社会生态生物多样性研究，特别关注生物多样性与人类活动之间的功能关系，即不同类型、背景、