Long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids modulate immune cell functions. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of different lipid emulsions (LEs) with supplemented doses of fish oil (FO) on serum cytokine concentration and in vitro cytokine production in patients with intestinal failure on home parenteral nutrition (HPNPs). We hypothesized that FO supplementation would diminish lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated cytokine production. Twelve HPNPs receiving Smoflipid for at least 3 months were given FO (Omegaven) for a further 4 weeks. After this cycle, the patients were randomized to subsequently receive 1 cycle with Lipoplus and 1 cycle with ClinOleic for 6 weeks or vice versa plus 4 weeks of added Omegaven after each cycle in a crossover design. Comparison of the baseline LE regimens showed lower LPS-stimulated production of IL-1β in the HPNPs on Lipoplus than on the Smoflipid and ClinOleic regimens, as well as lower IL-8 compared to the Smoflipid regimen. Omegaven reduced IL-8 concentration in serum under the Lipoplus regimen and diminished LPS-stimulated production of IL-1β under the Smoflipid and ClinOleic. IL-6 and TNF-α production was depressed only in those on Smoflipid. Irrespective of the LE used, the HPNPs compared to the healthy controls showed higher IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α concentrations in serum and LPS-stimulated production of IL-6 as well as lower n-6/n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in the erythrocyte phospholipids. LPS-stimulated production of IL-6 correlated negatively with the parenteral dose of eicosapentaenoic acid + docosahexaenoic acid. In conclusion, FO-supplemented parenteral nutrition suppresses in vitro cytokine production.

中文翻译：

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鱼油补充各种脂质乳剂可抑制家庭肠外营养患者的体外细胞因子释放：交叉研究

长链 n-3 多不饱和脂肪酸调节免疫细胞功能。本研究的主要目的是评估不同脂肪乳剂 (LE) 与补充剂量的鱼油 (FO) 对家庭肠外营养 (HPNP) 肠功能衰竭患者血清细胞因子浓度和体外细胞因子产生的影响。我们假设补充 FO 会减少脂多糖 (LPS) 刺激的细胞因子产生。12 名接受 Smoflipid 至少 3 个月的 HPNP 再给予 FO (Omegaven) 4 周。在此周期后，患者随机接受 1 个 Lipoplus 周期和 1 个 ClinOleic 周期，共 6 周，反之亦然，在交叉设计中每个周期后加 4 周添加 Omegaven。基线 LE 方案的比较显示，与 Smoflipid 和 ClinOleic 方案相比，Lipoplus 上的 HPNP 中 LPS 刺激的 IL-1β 产量较低，并且与 Smoflipid 方案相比，IL-8 水平较低。Omegaven 在 Lipoplus 方案下降低了血清中的 IL-8 浓度，并在 Smoflipid 和 ClinOleic 下减少了 LPS 刺激的 IL-1β 产生。IL-6 和 TNF-α 的产生仅在服用 Smoflipid 的患者中受到抑制。无论使用何种 LE，与健康对照相比，HPNPs 显示出更高的血清 IL-6、IL-8 和 TNF-α 浓度和 LPS 刺激的 IL-6 产生以及更低的 n-6/n-3红细胞磷脂中的长链多不饱和脂肪酸。LPS 刺激的 IL-6 产生与二十碳五烯酸 + 二十二碳六烯酸的肠胃外剂量呈负相关。综上所述，