Our research was motivated by the goal of better understanding how male and female first-time entrepreneurs psychologically appraise key stressors during the business start-up process, and how these stress appraisals are related to psychological distress after business launch. Informed by role congruity theory (Eagly & Karau, 2002), we argue that financial and social stressors during business launch are appraised as particularly stressful by women. Both starting a business due to financial needs motivation (i.e., high agency) and failing to receive social support during business launch (i.e., low communion) are incongruent with the female gender role. We further argue that these negative stress appraisals early in the business launch process will be associated with higher psychological distress during the later stages of running their business. We investigated these relationships in a field study of nascent entrepreneurs surveyed at three time points over a 1-year period during which they developed and launched their first business. The results of this investigation support our hypotheses, such that female entrepreneurs had higher stress appraisals when faced with gender role incongruent stressors of high financial need and low social support. These higher stress appraisals among women were in turn related to higher psychological distress several months later during business operation compared with their male counterparts. We discuss these findings in light of their implications for psychological stress and strain among nascent entrepreneurs, as well as the unique challenges faced by women as they enter entrepreneurship. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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不是为了胆小的人？关于企业家精神困扰的性别观点。

我们的研究的目标是更好地理解初次创业的男女企业家如何在创业过程中对主要压力源进行心理评估，以及这些压力评估与创业后的心理困扰如何相关。根据角色一致性理论（Eagly＆Karau，2002），我们认为，在企业启动过程中，财务和社会压力源被女性评估为特别有压力。由于财务上的需求动机（即高级管理人员）开办企业，以及在业务启动过程中未能获得社会支持（即低沟通）都与女性的性别角色不一致。我们进一步认为，在业务启动过程的早期，这些负面压力评估将在企业运营的后期阶段与更高的心理压力相关联。我们在一项初创企业家的实地研究中对这些关系进行了调查，这些企业家在一年的时间里在三个时间点进行了调查，在此期间他们开发并启动了第一笔业务。这项调查的结果支持了我们的假设，即女性企业家在面临性别角色时，对压力的评价较高，而这些压力与财务需要高且社会支持率低的压力不相称。与男性同龄人相比，女性对这些较高压力的评估反过来与商业运作几个月后的较高心理困扰有关。我们根据这些发现对新生企业家的心理压力和压力的影响，以及妇女进入创业时期所面临的独特挑战，来讨论这些发现。（PsycINFO数据库记录（c）2019 APA，保留所有权利）。