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Early life stress, the development of aggression and neuroendocrine and neurobiological correlates: What can we learn from animal models?
Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology ( IF 6.5 ) Pub Date : 2009-10-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2009.03.003
Alexa H Veenema 1
Affiliation  

Early life stress (child and adolescent abuse, neglect and trauma) induces robust alterations in emotional and social functioning resulting in enhanced risk for the development of psychopathologies such as mood and aggressive disorders. Here, an overview is given on recent findings in primate and rodent models of early life stress, demonstrating that chronic deprivation of early maternal care as well as chronic deprivation of early physical interactions with peers are profound risk factors for the development of inappropriate aggressive behaviors. Alterations in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA), vasopressin and serotonin systems and their relevance for the regulation of aggression are discussed. Data suggest that social deprivation-induced inappropriate forms of aggression are associated with high or low HPA axis (re)activity and a generally lower functioning of the serotonin system in adulthood. Moreover, genetic and epigenetic modifications in HPA and serotonin systems influence the outcome of early life stress and may even moderate adverse effects of early social deprivation on aggression. A more comprehensive study of aggression, neuroendocrine, neurobiological and (epi)genetic correlates of early life stress using animal models is necessary to provide a better understanding of the invasive aggressive deficits observed in humans exposed to child maltreatment.

中文翻译:

早期生活压力、攻击性的发展以及神经内分泌和神经生物学相关性:我们可以从动物模型中学到什么?

早期生活压力(儿童和青少年的虐待、忽视和创伤)会导致情绪和社会功能发生强烈变化,从而增加发生情绪和攻击性障碍等精神病理学的风险。在这里,概述了灵长类动物和啮齿动物早期生活压力模型的最新发现,表明长期缺乏早期母体护理以及长期缺乏与同龄人的早期身体互动是发展不当攻击行为的重要危险因素。讨论了下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺皮质 (HPA)、加压素和血清素系统的变化及其与攻击性调节的相关性。数据表明,社会剥夺引起的不适当的攻击形式与高或低的 HPA 轴(反应性)活性以及成年后血清素系统的功能普遍较低有关。此外,HPA 和血清素系统中的遗传和表观遗传修饰会影响早期生活压力的结果,甚至可能减轻早期社会剥夺对攻击性的不利影响。有必要使用动物模型对早期生活压力的攻击性、神经内分泌、神经生物学和(表观)遗传相关性进行更全面的研究,以更好地了解在遭受儿童虐待的人类中观察到的侵入性攻击缺陷。HPA 和血清素系统中的遗传和表观遗传修饰会影响早期生活压力的结果,甚至可能减轻早期社会剥夺对攻击性的不利影响。有必要使用动物模型对早期生活压力的攻击性、神经内分泌、神经生物学和(表观)遗传相关性进行更全面的研究,以更好地了解在遭受儿童虐待的人类中观察到的侵入性攻击缺陷。HPA 和血清素系统中的遗传和表观遗传修饰会影响早期生活压力的结果,甚至可能减轻早期社会剥夺对攻击性的不利影响。有必要使用动物模型对早期生活压力的攻击性、神经内分泌、神经生物学和(表观)遗传相关性进行更全面的研究,以更好地了解在遭受儿童虐待的人类中观察到的侵入性攻击缺陷。
更新日期:2009-10-01
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