Bilingual language control is characterized by the ability to select from amongst competing representations based on the current language in use. According to the Conditional Routing Model (CRM), this feat is underpinned by basal-ganglia signal-routing mechanisms, and may have implications for cognitive flexibility. The current experiment used dynamic causal modeling of fMRI data to compare network-level brain functioning in monolinguals and bilinguals during a task that required productive (semantic decision) and receptive (language) switches. Consistent with the CRM, results showed that: (1) both switch types drove activation in the basal ganglia, (2) bilinguals and monolinguals differed in the strength of influence of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) on basal ganglia, and (3) differences in bilingual language experience were marginally related to the strength of influence of the switching drives onto basal ganglia. Additionally, a task-by-group interaction was found, suggesting that when bilinguals engaged in language-switching, their task-switching costs were reduced.

中文翻译：

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双语经验对基底神经节计算的影响：条件路由模型的动态因果建模测试

双语语言控制的特点是能够根据当前使用的语言从竞争表示中进行选择。根据条件路由模型 (CRM)，这一壮举得到了基底神经节信号路由机制的支持，并且可能对认知灵活性产生影响。当前的实验使用 fMRI 数据的动态因果建模来比较单语者和双语者在需要生产性（语义决策）和接受性（语言）转换的任务期间的网络级大脑功能。与CRM一致，结果表明：（1）两种开关类型都驱动了基底神经节的激活，（2）双语者和单语者的背外侧前额叶皮层（DLPFC）对基底神经节的影响强度不同，(3) 双语语言体验的差异与转换驱动对基底神经节的影响强度略有相关。此外，还发现了逐个任务的交互，这表明双语者进行语言转换时，他们的任务转换成本降低了。