Individuals post-stroke sustain motor deficits years after the stroke. Despite recent advancements in the applications of non-invasive brain stimulation techniques and Deep Brain Stimulation in humans, there is a lack of evidence supporting their use for rehabilitation after brain lesions. Non-invasive brain stimulation is already in use for treating motor deficits in individuals with Parkinson’s disease and post-stroke. Deep Brain Stimulation has become an established treatment for individuals with movement disorders, such as Parkinson’s disease, essential tremor, epilepsy, cerebral palsy and dystonia. It has also been utilized for the treatment of Tourette’s syndrome, Alzheimer’s disease and neuropsychiatric conditions such as obsessive-compulsive disorder, major depression and anorexia nervosa. There exists growing scientific knowledge from animal studies supporting the use of Deep Brain Stimulation to enhance motor recovery after brain damage. Nevertheless, these results are currently not applicable to humans. This review details the current literature supporting the use of these techniques to enhance motor recovery, both from human and animal studies, aiming to encourage development in this domain.

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神经调节技术能否以最佳方式利用小脑-丘脑-皮质回路特性来增强中风后的运动学习？

中风后的个体在中风后数年仍会出现运动障碍。尽管最近在人类非侵入性脑刺激技术和深部脑刺激的应用方面取得了进展，但缺乏证据支持它们用于脑损伤后的康复。非侵入性脑刺激已被用于治疗帕金森病和中风后患者的运动障碍。深部脑刺激已成为运动障碍患者的既定治疗方法，例如帕金森病、特发性震颤、癫痫、脑瘫和肌张力障碍。它还被用于治疗图雷特综合征、阿尔茨海默病和神经精神疾病，如强迫症、重度抑郁症和神经性厌食症。来自动物研究的越来越多的科学知识支持使用深部脑刺激来增强脑损伤后的运动恢复。然而，这些结果目前不适用于人类。本综述详细介绍了支持使用这些技术来增强运动恢复的当前文献，包括人类和动物研究，旨在鼓励该领域的发展。