Vacuolar-type ATPase (V-ATPase), initially identified in yeast and plant vacuoles, pumps protons into the lumen of organelles coupled with ATP hydrolysis. The mammalian counterpart is found ubiquitously in endomembrane organelles and the plasma membrane of specialized cells such as osteoclasts. V-ATPase is also present in unique organelles such as insulin secretory granules, neural synaptic vesicles, and acrosomes of spermatozoa. Consistent with its diverse physiological roles and unique localization, the seven subunits of V-ATPase have 2-4 isoforms that are organelle- or cell-specific. Subunits of the enzyme function in trafficking organelles and vesicles by interacting with small molecule GTPases. During osteoclast differentiation, one of the four isoforms of subunit a, a3, is indispensable for secretory lysosome trafficking to the plasma membrane. Diseases such as osteopetrosis, renal acidosis, and hearing loss are related to V-ATPase isoforms. In addition to its role as an enzyme, V-ATPase has versatile physiological roles in eukaryotic cells.

中文翻译：

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液泡型ATPase：质子泵，用于溶酶体运输。

最初在酵母和植物液泡中发现的液泡型ATPase（V-ATPase）将质子泵入细胞器内腔并进行ATP水解。哺乳动物的对应物普遍存在于内膜细胞器和特殊细胞如破骨细胞的质膜中。V-ATPase也存在于独特的细胞器中，例如胰岛素分泌颗粒，神经突触小泡和精子顶体。根据其多样的生理作用和独特的定位，V-ATPase的七个亚基具有2-4个细胞器或细胞特异性的同工型。该酶的亚基通过与小分子GTPases相互作用而在运输细胞器和囊泡中起作用。在破骨细胞分化过程中，a，a3亚基的四个同工型之一 对于分泌性溶酶体运输到质膜是必不可少的。诸如骨质疏松症，肾性酸中毒和听力丧失等疾病与V-ATPase亚型有关。除了其作为酶的作用外，V-ATPase在真核细胞中还具有多种生理作用。