The gut microbiome was extensively researched for its biological variety and its potential role in propagating diseases outside of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Recently, a lot of effort was focused on comprehending the gut-brain axis and the bizarre communication between the GI system and the nervous system. Ample amount of studies being carried out also revealed the involvement of the gut microbiome in enhancing the degree of many neurological disorders, including neurodegenerative diseases. It was widely observed that there were distinct microbiome profiles and dysbiosis within patients suffering from Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and multiple sclerosis. Various approaches to re-establish the balance of the gut microbiome, from antibiotic therapy, fecal microbiota transplant, or ingestion of psychobiotics, are discussed within this review within the specific context of combating neurodegenerative diseases. Present studies and clinical trials indicate that although there is an immense potential of gut microbiome modification to be preventive or therapeutic, there are still many intercalated components of the gut-brain axis at play and thus, more research needs to be carried out to delineate microbiome factors that may potentially alleviate symptoms of neurodegeneration.

中文翻译：

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修饰肠道微生物组以对抗神经退行性变

肠道微生物组因其生物学多样性及其在胃肠道外传播疾病的潜在作用而得到广泛研究。最近，很多努力都集中在理解肠脑轴以及胃肠系统和神经系统之间奇怪的交流上。正在进行的大量研究还揭示了肠道微生物组参与增强了许多神经系统疾病的程度，包括神经退行性疾病。人们普遍观察到，患有阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病、肌萎缩侧索硬化症和多发性硬化症的患者体内存在不同的微生物组谱和生态失调。重建肠道微生物群平衡的各种方法，从抗生素治疗、粪便微生物群移植、或摄入精神生物，在本次审查中在对抗神经退行性疾病的特定背景下进行了讨论。目前的研究和临床试验表明，尽管肠道微生物组修饰在预防或治疗方面具有巨大潜力，但仍有许多插入的肠脑轴成分在起作用，因此，需要进行更多的研究来描绘微生物组可能减轻神经变性症状的因素。