Immune cells secrete small protein molecules that aim for cell-cell communications. These small molecules are called cytokines. Targeting cancer cells with administration of bispecific antibodies and natural extracts results in elevated circulating levels of inflammatory cytokines, including interferon-γ and interleukin (IL)-6, which lead to cell toxicity. Sustained release of cytokines due to immunotherapy or hormonal issues causes various diseases. Novel T cell-engaging therapies and monoclonal antibodies cause cytokine release syndrome. Efforts are being carried out to maximize the chance for therapeutic benefit from immunotherapy while minimizing the risk for life-threatening complications of sustained cytokine release. Neurodegeneration and cardiac diseases are the prominent diseases caused by inflammatory cytokines. The phenomenon is called cytokine storm. Cytokines can act antagonistically or synergistically. Constitutive expression of proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-3 and IL-6 causes organ damage and unbearable pain. In this review, we will discuss the regulators of cytokine release, its types, its implications on human health, and treatment.

中文翻译：

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本构炎性细胞因子风暴：对人类健康的主要威胁。

免疫细胞分泌用于细胞间通讯的小蛋白质分子。这些小分子被称为细胞因子。使用双特异性抗体和天然提取物靶向癌细胞会导致炎症细胞因子的循环水平升高，包括干扰素-γ 和白细胞介素 (IL)-6，从而导致细胞毒性。由于免疫疗法或荷尔蒙问题导致细胞因子的持续释放会导致各种疾病。新型 T 细胞参与疗法和单克隆抗体导致细胞因子释放综合征。正在努力最大限度地提高免疫疗法的治疗效果，同时最大限度地降低持续释放细胞因子导致危及生命的并发症的风险。神经退行性疾病和心脏疾病是由炎性细胞因子引起的突出疾病。这种现象被称为细胞因子风暴。细胞因子可以拮抗或协同作用。IL-3 和 IL-6 等促炎细胞因子的组成型表达会导致器官损伤和难以忍受的疼痛。在这篇综述中，我们将讨论细胞因子释放的调节剂、它的类型、它对人类健康的影响和治疗。