Propolis is a resinous substance that is collected by Apis mellifera from plant sources and is used in traditional medicine. To study the phytochemical constituents and apoptotic potential of Jordanian propolis extract against different cancer cell lines, propolis was extracted using methanol, hexane, and ethyl acetate and was fractionated using chromatographic methods. Cytotoxicity was assessed using MTT and LDH assays. The apoptotic potential was investigated using florescence microscopy, multicaspase assay, Annexin-V and dead cell assay, and cell cycle assay. The phytochemical constituents were analyzed using GC-MS. The methanol extract of propolis exhibited cytotoxic potential against all cell lines tested. The IC₅₀ values of the methanol extract were 47.4, 77.8, 91.2, and 145.0 μg/ml for HepG2, LoVo, MDAMB231, and MCF7 cell lines, respectively. The IC₅₀ values of the F1 fraction were 31.6 (MDAMB231), 38.9 (HepG2), 36.7 (LoVo) and 75.5 (MCF7) μg/ml. On further purification using thin-layer chromatography, the IC₅₀ values of the F1-3 fraction were found to be 84.31(HepG2), 79.2 (MCF7), 70.4 (LoVo), and 68.9 (MDAMB231) μg/ml, respectively. The anticancer potential of the F1 fraction was confirmed through the induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase. The GC-MS analysis of the F1 fraction revealed the presence of 3-methyl-4- isopropylphenol (29.44%) as a major constituent. These findings indicate the potential of propolis extract as a cancer therapy. However, further investigation is required to assess the acute and subacute toxicity of the most active fraction.

中文翻译：

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约旦蜂胶提取物对不同癌细胞系的凋亡潜力和化学成分。

蜂胶是一种树脂状物质，由意大利蜜蜂 ( Apis mellifera ) 从植物来源中采集并用于传统医学。为了研究约旦蜂胶提取物的植物化学成分和抗不同癌细胞系的细胞凋亡潜力，使用甲醇、己烷和乙酸乙酯提取蜂胶，并使用色谱法进行分级分离。使用 MTT 和 LDH 测定评估细胞毒性。使用荧光显微镜、多半胱天冬酶测定、膜联蛋白-V 和死细胞测定以及细胞周期测定研究了细胞凋亡潜力。使用 GC-MS 分析植物化学成分。蜂胶的甲醇提取物对所有测试的细胞系都表现出细胞毒性潜力。IC ₅₀对于 HepG2、LoVo、MDAMB231 和 MCF7 细胞系，甲醇提取物的值分别为 47.4、77.8、91.2 和 145.0 μg/ml。F1 级分的 IC ₅₀值为 31.6 (MDAMB231)、38.9 (HepG2)、36.7 (LoVo) 和 75.5 (MCF7) μg/ml。使用薄层色谱进一步纯化后，IC ₅₀发现 F1-3 分数的值分别为 84.31（HepG2）、79.2（MCF7）、70.4（LoVo）和 68.9（MDAMB231）μg/ml。通过在 G0/G1 期诱导细胞凋亡和细胞周期停滞，证实了 F1 部分的抗癌潜力。F1 级分的 GC-MS 分析表明存在作为主要成分的 3-甲基-4-异丙基苯酚 (29.44%)。这些发现表明蜂胶提取物具有治疗癌症的潜力。然而，需要进一步研究以评估最活跃部分的急性和亚急性毒性。