Emerging evidence suggest that dimethylbiguanide (metformin), a first-line drug for type 2 diabetes mellitus, could be neuroprotective in a range of brain pathologies, which include neurodegenerative diseases and brain injury. However, there are also contraindications that associate metformin treatment with cognitive impairment as well as adverse outcomes in Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease animal models. Recently, a beneficial effect of metformin in animal models of Huntington’s disease (HD) has been strengthened by multiple reports. In this brief review, the findings associated with the effects of metformin in attenuating neurodegenerative diseases are discussed, focusing on HD-associated pathology and the potential underlying mechanisms highlighted by these studies. The mechanism of action of metformin is complex, and its therapeutic efficacy is therefore expected to be dependent on the disease context. The key metabolic pathways that are effectively affected by metformin, such as AMP-activated protein kinase activation, may be altered in the later decades of the human lifespan. In this regard, metformin may nonetheless be therapeutically useful for neurological diseases with early pathological onsets, such as HD.

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二甲双胍对亨廷顿病有治疗作用吗？

新出现的证据表明，二甲基双胍（二甲双胍）是一种治疗 2 型糖尿病的一线药物，在包括神经退行性疾病和脑损伤在内的一系列脑部疾病中可能具有神经保护作用。然而，在阿尔茨海默病和帕金森病动物模型中，也存在将二甲双胍治疗与认知障碍以及不良结果相关联的禁忌症。最近，多份报告加强了二甲双胍在亨廷顿病 (HD) 动物模型中的有益作用。在这篇简短的综述中，讨论了与二甲双胍在减轻神经退行性疾病中的作用相关的发现，重点是 HD 相关的病理学和这些研究强调的潜在潜在机制。二甲双胍的作用机制复杂，因此，预计其治疗效果将取决于疾病背景。受二甲双胍有效影响的关键代谢途径，例如 AMP 激活的蛋白激酶激活，可能会在人类寿命的后期发生改变。在这方面，二甲双胍在治疗上可能对早期病理发作的神经系统疾病（如 HD）有治疗作用。