Background

Mucormycosis is a fungal infection caused by species of the Mucorales order. These microorganisms are angioinvasive, with rapid disease progression and potentially lethal in its rhinocerebral form.

Case report

We present the case of a 12-year-old female with trisomy 21, acute lymphoblastic leukemia and diabetes, with fever and neutropenia who developed rhinocerebral mucormicosis. After treatment with amphotericin B lipid complex and extensive surgery, disease progressed and posaconazole was added as salvage treatment with full remission of the infection. Four years after diagnosis the patient continues without relapse of mucormycosis or leukemia.

Conclusions

This case highlights the use of posaconazole as either monotherapy or combined therapy. Although it is still debated, it can be considered an option for salvage treatment in children with non-responding mucormycosis, despite lack of standard dosage in pediatric patients.

中文翻译：

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成功的泊沙康唑抢救疗法可治疗白血病患儿的鼻脑毛霉菌病。文献回顾。

背景

毛霉菌病是由毛霉菌属引起的真菌感染。这些微生物具有血管入侵性，疾病进展迅速，并且其鼻脑形式可能致命。

案例报告

我们介绍了一个患有21三体性，急性淋巴细胞白血病和糖尿病，发烧和嗜中性白血球减少症并发展为犀牛脑黏膜病的12岁女性的病例。在用两性霉素B脂质复合物治疗并进行了广泛的手术后，疾病进展，并加入了泊沙康唑作为挽救疗法，使感染完全缓解。诊断后四年，患者继续存活，无毛霉菌病或白血病复发。

结论

该病例突出了泊沙康唑作为单一疗法或联合疗法的使用。尽管仍存在争议，但尽管儿科患者缺乏标准剂量，但仍可将其作为无反应性毛霉菌病儿童的挽救治疗方法。