The GloPID-R (Global Research Collaboration for Infectious Disease Preparedness) chikungunya (CHIKV), o'nyong-nyong (ONNV) and Mayaro virus (MAYV) Working Group has been established to identify gaps of knowledge about the natural history, epidemiology and medical management of infection by these viruses, and to provide adapted recommendations for future investigations. Here, we present a report dedicated to ONNV epidemiological distribution. Two large-scale ONNV outbreaks have been identified in Africa in the last 60 years, interspersed with sporadic serosurveys and case reports of returning travelers. The assessment of the real scale of ONNV circulation in Africa remains a difficult task and surveillance studies are necessary to fill this gap. The identification of ONNV etiology is made complicated by the absence of multiplex tools in co-circulation areas and that of reference standards, as well as the high cross-reactivity with related pathogens observed in serological tests, in particular with CHIKV. This is a specific obstacle for seroprevalence studies, that necessitate an improvement of serological tools to provide robust results. The scarcity of existent genetic data currently limits molecular epidemiology studies. ONNV epidemiology would also benefit from reinforced entomological and environmental surveillance. Finally, the natural history of the disease deserves to be further investigated, with a specific attention paid to long-term complications. Considering our incomplete knowledge on ONNV distribution, GloPID-R CHIKV, ONNV and MAYV experts recommend that a major effort should be done to fill existing gaps.

中文翻译：

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关于基孔肯雅热，o'nyong-nyong和Mayaro病毒的GloPID-R报告，第2部分：o'nyong-nyong病毒的流行病学分布。

已经建立了GloPID-R（全球传染病防制研究合作组织）基孔肯雅热（CHIKV），o'nyong-nyong（ONNV）和Mayaro病毒（MAYV）工作组，以识别有关自然史，流行病学和医学知识的差距处理这些病毒的感染，并为以后的调查提供合适的建议。在这里，我们提出了一份有关ONNV流行病学分布的报告。在过去的60年中，在非洲发现了两次大规模的ONNV暴发，其中散布着零星的血清调查和回国旅客的病例报告。评估非洲ONNV实际传播规模仍然是一项艰巨的任务，需要开展监测研究来填补这一空白。由于在流通领域和参考标准品中缺少多重工具，加上在血清学测试中观察到的与相关病原体（特别是与CHIKV）的高交叉反应性，使得ONNV病因的鉴定变得复杂。这是血清阳性率研究的一个特殊障碍，需要改进血清学工具以提供可靠的结果。当前缺乏遗传数据限制了分子流行病学研究。ONNV流行病学也将从加强的昆虫学和环境监测中受益。最后，该疾病的自然史值得进一步研究，尤其要注意长期并发症。考虑到我们对ONNV分发的不全面了解，GloPID-R CHIKV，