Indigenous Mayangna and Miskitu inhabit Nicaragua’s remote Bosawás Biosphere Reserve, located in the North Caribbean Coast Autonomous Region. They are sedentary horticulturists who supplement their diet with wild game, hunting with the assistance of dogs. To test whether hunting dogs increased the risk of human exposure to protozoal zoonotic neglected tropical diseases (NTDs), we sampled dogs from three communities varying in population size and level of contact with other communities. We screened dog feces (n = 58) for Giardia and Cryptosporidium DNA and sera (n = 78) for Trypanosoma cruzi antibodies and DNA. Giardia DNA was detected in 22% (13/58) of samples; sequencing revealed the presence of both zoonotic genotypes (assemblages A and B) and dog-specific genotypes (assemblages C and D). Giardia shedding was associated with community and age. Older dogs and those in the two, more accessible communities had greater odds of shedding parasites. Seroprevalence of T. cruzi antibodies, indicating prior exposure, was 9% (7/78). These results contribute to the limited literature on NTDs in indigenous populations, and suggest hunting dogs can both serve as sentinels of environmental NTDs and pose zoonotic risk for their owners and communities.

中文翻译：

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尼加拉瓜Bosawás生物圈保护区狗的贾第鞭毛虫感染和克氏锥虫暴露。

土著Mayangna和Miskitu居住在尼加拉瓜偏远的Bosawás生物圈保护区，该保护区位于北加勒比海海岸自治区。他们是久坐的园艺家，他们通过野外野味补充饮食，在狗的帮助下打猎。为了测试猎狗是否增加了人类暴露于原生动物人畜共患的被忽视热带病（NTDs）的风险，我们从人口规模和与其他社区接触程度不同的三个社区中取样。我们筛选了贾第虫和隐孢子虫DNA的狗粪便（n  = 58），以及克氏锥虫抗体和DNA的血清（n  = 78）。贾第虫在22％（13/58）的样品中检测到DNA；测序揭示了人畜共患的基因型（组合A和B）和狗特异性基因型（组合C和D）的存在。贾第鞭毛虫脱落与社区和年龄有关。年纪较大的狗以及两个较易接近的社区中的狗脱落寄生虫的几率更大。克鲁氏衣原体抗体的血清阳性率是9％（7/78），表明先前已经暴露。这些结果为有关土著人口中NTD的文献提供了有限的证据，并表明猎狗既可以充当环境NTD的前哨，又对其主人和社区构成人畜共患病风险。