Background

Lung cancer remains the most common cause of cancer-related death, with a 5-year survival rate of only 18%. In recent years, the development of targeted pharmacological agents and immunotherapies has substantially increased the survival of a subset of patients. However, most patients lack such efficacious therapy and are, thus, treated with classical chemotherapy with poor clinical outcomes. Therefore, novel therapeutic strategies are urgently needed. In recent years, the development of epigenetic assays and their application to cancer research have highlighted the relevance of epigenetic regulation in the initiation, development, progression and treatment of lung cancer.

Conclusions

A variety of epigenetic modifications do occur at different steps of lung cancer development, some of which are key to tumor progression. The rise of cutting-edge technologies such as single cell epigenomics is, and will continue to be, crucial for uncovering epigenetic events at a single cell resolution, leading to a better understanding of the biology underlying lung cancer development and to the design of novel therapeutic options. This approach has already led to the development of strategies involving single agents or combined agents targeting epigenetic modifiers, currently in clinical trials. Here, we will discuss the epigenetics of every step of lung cancer development, as well as the translation of these findings into clinical applications.

中文翻译：

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肺癌的表观遗传学：转化视角。

背景

肺癌仍然是癌症相关死亡的最常见原因，5 年生存率仅为 18%。近年来，靶向药物和免疫疗法的发展大大提高了一部分患者的生存率。然而，大多数患者缺乏这种有效的治疗方法，因此只能接受经典化疗，但临床结果不佳。因此，迫切需要新的治疗策略。近年来，表观遗传分析的发展及其在癌症研究中的应用凸显了表观遗传调控在肺癌的发生、发展、进展和治疗中的相关性。

结论

多种表观遗传修饰确实发生在肺癌发展的不同阶段，其中一些是肿瘤进展的关键。单细胞表观基因组学等尖端技术的兴起对于以单细胞分辨率揭示表观遗传事件至关重要，从而有助于更好地了解肺癌发展的生物学基础并设计新的治疗方法选项。这种方法已经导致了涉及针对表观遗传修饰剂的单一药剂或联合药剂的策略的发展，目前正在临床试验中。在这里，我们将讨论肺癌发展每一步的表观遗传学，以及将这些发现转化为临床应用。