In the last few decades, Ebola virus (EBOV) has emerged periodically and infected people in Africa, resulting in an extremely high mortality rate. With no available prophylaxis or cure so far, a highly effective Ebola vaccine is urgently needed. In this study, we developed a novel chimpanzee adenovirus-based prime-boost vaccine by exploiting two recombinant replication-deficient chimpanzee adenoviral vectors, AdC7 and AdC68, which express glycoproteins (GP) of the EBOV strain identified in the 2014 outbreak. Our results indicated that a single immunization using AdC7 or AdC68 could stimulate potent EBOV-specific antibody responses, whereas the AdC7 prime-AdC68 boost regimen induced much stronger and sustained humoral and cellular immune responses in both mice and rhesus monkeys, compared with AdC7 or AdC68 single vaccination or the AdC68 prime-AdC7 boost regimen. This prime-boost vaccine could also protect mice from the simulated infection with EBOV-like particle (EBOVLP) in biosafety level 2 (BSL-2) laboratories, and antibodies from the prime-boost immunized rhesus macaques could passively provide protection against EBOVLP infection. Altogether, our results show that the AdC7 prime-AdC68 boost vaccine is a promising candidate for further development to combat EBOV infections.

中文翻译：

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黑猩猩腺病毒载体初免-加强方案在小鼠和恒河猴中引发针对埃博拉病毒的有效免疫反应。

近几十年来，埃博拉病毒（EBOV）在非洲周期性出现并感染人群，造成极高的死亡率。由于迄今为止尚无可用的预防或治疗方法，因此迫切需要一种高效的埃博拉疫苗。在这项研究中，我们利用两种重组复制缺陷型黑猩猩腺病毒载体 AdC7 和 AdC68 开发了一种新型的基于黑猩猩腺病毒的初免加强疫苗，它们表达 2014 年疫情中发现的 EBOV 毒株的糖蛋白 (GP)。我们的结果表明，使用 AdC7 或 AdC68 进行单次免疫可以刺激有效的 EBOV 特异性抗体反应，而与 AdC7 或 AdC68 相比，AdC7 初免-AdC68 加强方案在小鼠和恒河猴中诱导更强且持续的体液和细胞免疫反应单次疫苗接种或 AdC68 prime-AdC7 加强方案。这种初免-加强疫苗还可以保护小鼠免受生物安全2级（BSL-2）实验室中EBOV样颗粒（EBOVLP）的模拟感染，并且来自初免免疫恒河猴的抗体可以被动地提供针对EBOVLP感染的保护。总而言之，我们的结果表明 AdC7 prime-AdC68 加强疫苗是进一步开发对抗 EBOV 感染的有希望的候选疫苗。