Gambling behavior presents a broad variety of individual differences, with a continuum ranging from nongamblers to pathological gamblers. The reward network has been proposed to be critical in gambling behavior, but little is known about the behavioral and neural mechanisms underlying individual differences that depend on gambling preference. The main goals of the present study were to explore brain oscillatory responses to gambling outcomes in regular gamblers and to assess differences between strategic gamblers, nonstrategic gamblers, and nongamblers. In all, 54 healthy volunteers participated in the study. Electroencephalography was recorded while participants were playing a slot machine task that delivered win, near-miss, and full-miss outcomes. Behaviorally, regular gamblers selected a larger percentage of risky bets, especially when they could select the image to play. The time-frequency results showed larger oscillatory theta power increases to near-misses and increased beta power to win outcomes for regular gamblers, as compared to nongamblers. Moreover, theta oscillatory activity after wins was only increased in nonstrategic gamblers, revealing differences between the two groups of gamblers. The present results reveal differences between regular gamblers and nongamblers in both their behavioral and neural responses to gambling outcomes. Moreover, the results suggest that different brain oscillatory mechanisms might underlie the studied gambling profiles, which might have implications for both basic and clinical studies.

中文翻译：

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老虎机游戏中技能和机会赌徒的大脑振荡活动。

赌博行为表现出各种各样的个体差异，从非赌徒到病理性赌徒的连续性不断增加。已经提出了奖励网络对于赌博行为至关重要，但是对于依赖于赌博偏好的个体差异的行为和神经机制知之甚少。本研究的主要目标是探讨常规赌徒对赌博结果的大脑振荡反应，并评估战略赌徒，非战略赌徒和非赌徒之间的差异。共有54名健康志愿者参加了这项研究。在参与者玩老虎机任务时记录了脑电图，该任务带来了成功，近乎失败和完全失败的结果。从行为上讲，常规赌徒选择了较大比例的风险下注，特别是当他们可以选择要播放的图像时。时频结果显示，与非赌徒相比，更大的振荡theta功率增加到接近未命中，增加的beta功率以赢得常规赌徒的结果。此外，获胜后的theta振荡活动仅在非战略性赌徒中有所增加，揭示了两组赌徒之间的差异。本研究结果揭示了常规赌徒和非赌徒在对赌博结果的行为和神经反应方面的差异。此外，结果表明，不同的大脑振荡机制可能是所研究的赌博模式的基础，这可能对基础研究和临床研究均具有影响。时频结果显示，与非赌徒相比，更大的振荡theta功率增加到接近未命中，增加的beta功率以赢得常规赌徒的结果。此外，获胜后的theta振荡活动仅在非战略性赌徒中有所增加，揭示了两组赌徒之间的差异。本研究结果揭示了常规赌徒和非赌徒在对赌博结果的行为和神经反应方面的差异。此外，结果表明，不同的大脑振荡机制可能是所研究的赌博模式的基础，这可能对基础研究和临床研究均具有影响。时频结果显示，与非赌徒相比，更大的振荡theta功率增加到接近未命中，增加的beta功率以赢得常规赌徒的结果。此外，获胜后的theta振荡活动仅在非战略性赌徒中有所增加，揭示了两组赌徒之间的差异。本研究结果揭示了常规赌徒和非赌徒在对赌博结果的行为和神经反应方面的差异。此外，结果表明，不同的大脑振荡机制可能是所研究的赌博模式的基础，这可能对基础研究和临床研究均具有影响。揭示了两组赌徒之间的差异。本研究结果揭示了常规赌徒和非赌徒在对赌博结果的行为和神经反应方面的差异。此外，结果表明，不同的大脑振荡机制可能是所研究的赌博模式的基础，这可能对基础研究和临床研究均具有影响。揭示了两组赌徒之间的差异。本研究结果揭示了常规赌徒和非赌徒在对赌博结果的行为和神经反应方面的差异。此外，结果表明，不同的大脑振荡机制可能是所研究的赌博模式的基础，这可能对基础研究和临床研究均具有影响。