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Transgenic expression of a ratiometric autophagy probe specifically in neurons enables the interrogation of brain autophagy in vivo.
Autophagy ( IF 14.6 ) Pub Date : 2018-10-26 , DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2018.1528812
Ju-Hyun Lee 1, 2 , Mala V Rao 1, 2 , Dun-Sheng Yang 1, 2 , Philip Stavrides 1 , Eunju Im 1, 2 , Anna Pensalfini 1, 2 , Chunfeng Huo 1 , Pallabi Sarkar 1 , Tamotsu Yoshimori 3 , Ralph A Nixon 1, 2, 4
Affiliation  

Autophagy-lysosome pathway (ALP) disruption is considered pathogenic in multiple neurodegenerative diseases; however, current methods are inadequate to investigate macroautophagy/autophagy flux in brain in vivo and its therapeutic modulation. Here, we describe a novel autophagy reporter mouse (TRGL6) stably expressing a dual-fluorescence-tagged LC3 (tfLC3, mRFP-eGFP-LC3) by transgenesis selectively in neurons. The tfLC3 probe distributes widely in the central nervous system, including spinal cord. Expression levels were similar to endogenous LC3 and induced no detectable ALP changes. This ratiometric reporter registers differential pH-dependent changes in color as autophagosomes form, fuse with lysosomes, acidify, and degrade substrates within autolysosomes. We confirmed predicted changes in neuronal autophagy flux following specific experimental ALP perturbations. Furthermore, using a third fluorescence label in TRGL6 brains to identify lysosomes by immunocytochemistry, we validated a novel procedure to detect defective autolysosomal acidification in vivo. Thus, TRGL6 mice represent a unique tool to investigate in vivo ALP dynamics in specific neuron populations in relation to neurological diseases, aging, and disease modifying agents. Abbreviations: ACTB: actin, beta; AD: Alzheimer disease; AL: autolysosomes; ALP: autophagy-lysosome pathway; AP: autophagosome; APP: amyloid beta (Abeta) precursor protein; ATG5: autophagy related 5; ATG7: autophagy related 7; AV: autophagic vacuoles; CNS: central nervous system; CTSD: cathepsin D; CQ: chloroquine; DMEM: Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium; GFP: green fluorescent protein; GABARAP: gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor associated protein; GABARAPL2/GATE16: gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor-associated protein-like 2; ICC: immunocytochemistry; ICV: intra-cerebroventricular; LAMP2: lysosomal-associated membrane protein 2; Leup: leupeptin; LY: lysosomes; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3; MTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; RBFOX3/NeuN: RNA binding protein, fox-1 homolog (C. elegans) 3; RFP: red fluorescent protein; RPS6KB1: ribosomal protein S6 kinase, polypeptide 1; SDS-PAGE: sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; SQSTM1: sequestosome 1; tfLC3: mRFP-eGFP-LC3; TRGL6: Thy1 mRFP eGFP LC3-line 6; PCR: polymerase chain reaction; PD: Parkinson disease.

中文翻译:


比率自噬探针在神经元中的转基因表达使得能够在体内研究脑自噬。



自噬-溶酶体途径 (ALP) 破坏被认为是多种神经退行性疾病的致病因素;然而,目前的方法不足以研究体内大脑中的巨自噬/自噬通量及其治疗调节。在这里,我们描述了一种新型自噬报告小鼠(TRGL6),通过在神经元中选择性转基因,稳定表达双荧光标记的 LC3(tfLC3、mRFP-eGFP-LC3)。 tfLC3探针广泛分布于中枢神经系统,包括脊髓。表达水平与内源性 LC3 相似,并且未诱导可检测到的 ALP 变化。当自噬体形成、与溶酶体融合、酸化和降解自溶酶体内的底物时,这种比率报告基因会记录不同的 pH 依赖性颜色变化。我们证实了特定实验 ALP 扰动后神经元自噬通量的预测变化。此外,使用 TRGL6 大脑中的第三种荧光标记通过免疫细胞化学来识别溶酶体,我们验证了一种检测体内有缺陷的自体溶酶体酸化的新程序。因此,TRGL6 小鼠代表了一种独特的工具,可用于研究特定神经元群体中与神经系统疾病、衰老和疾病调节剂相关的体内 ALP 动态。 缩写:ACTB:肌动蛋白,β; AD:阿尔茨海默病; AL:自溶酶体; ALP:自噬-溶酶体途径; AP:自噬体; APP:淀粉样β(Abeta)前体蛋白; ATG5:自噬相关5; ATG7:自噬相关7; AV:自噬泡; CNS:中枢神经系统; CTSD:组织蛋白酶D; CQ:氯喹; DMEM:Dulbecco 改良的 Eagle 培养基; GFP:绿色荧光蛋白; GABARAP:γ-氨基丁酸受体相关蛋白; GABARAPL2/GATE16:γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)受体相关蛋白样2; ICC:免疫细胞化学; ICV:脑室内; LAMP2:溶酶体相关膜蛋白2; Leup:亮肽素; LY:溶酶体; MAP1LC3/LC3:微管相关蛋白1轻链3; MTOR:雷帕霉素激酶的机制靶点; RBFOX3/NeuN:RNA 结合蛋白,fox-1 同源物(秀丽隐杆线虫)3; RFP:红色荧光蛋白; RPS6KB1:核糖体蛋白S6激酶,多肽1; SDS-PAGE:十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳; SQSTM1: 隔离体 1; tfLC3:mRFP-eGFP-LC3; TRGL6:Thy1 mRFP eGFP LC3 系 6; PCR:聚合酶链式反应; PD:帕金森病。
更新日期:2018-10-26
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