Medicaid expansions to low-income childless adults could have unintended effects on labor supply. Using 2000–2013 current population survey data, we exploit changes in adult Medicaid eligibility across states to estimate its effect on labor supply for three samples of adults most likely to be affected by changes in Medicaid eligibility: those with less than a high school degree, a high school degree only, and income less than 300% of the federal poverty line. Medicaid eligibility was associated with a reduction in labor supply for low-income women with a high school degree. In our preferred estimations, these women were about 7 percentage points less likely to be employed than similar women in states without expanded Medicaid. Only a modest reduction was observed for weekly hours worked and then only for women with less than a high school degree and who were hourly employees (about 3 h), leading us to conclude that the effect is largely driven by those who leave the workforce. Older low-income women with a high school degree had the strongest negative response to changes in Medicaid eligibility. They were 17 percentage points less likely to be employed in states that had expanded Medicaid, possibly since these women are motivated to leave employment because they lack access to employer-sponsored insurance and have health needs that can be addressed with Medicaid coverage. Men’s employment appeared largely unaffected by changes in Medicaid eligibility.

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低收入无子女成人的医疗补助扩大和劳动力供应：2000年至2013年的证据。

向低收入无子女成人提供医疗补助可能会对劳动力供应产生意想不到的影响。利用2000-2013年的当前人口调查数据，我们利用各州的成人医疗补助资格变化来估算其对三种最有可能受医疗补助资格变化影响的成年人样本对劳动力供给的影响：低中学历的人，仅具有高中学位，且收入不到联邦贫困线的300％。医疗补助资格与高学历的低收入妇女的劳动力供应减少有关。根据我们的首选估计，在没有扩大医疗补助的州，这些妇女的受雇可能性比类似妇女低约7个百分点。在每周工作时间中仅观察到了适度的减少，然后仅对于未达到高中学历并且是小时工的妇女（约3小时），这使我们得出结论，这种影响在很大程度上是由那些离开劳动力的人所驱动的。高中学历的低收入女性对医疗补助资格的变化产生最强烈的负面反应。在扩大了医疗补助计划的州中，她们受雇的可能性降低了17个百分点，这可能是因为这些妇女因无法获得由雇主赞助的保险，并且具有可以通过医疗补助计划覆盖的健康需求而被迫离开工作。男性的就业似乎基本上不受医疗补助资格变化的影响。让我们得出结论，这种影响很大程度上是由那些离开劳动力的人所驱动的。高中学历的低收入女性对医疗补助资格的变化产生最强烈的负面反应。在扩大了医疗补助计划的州中，她们受雇的可能性降低了17个百分点，这可能是因为这些妇女因无法获得由雇主赞助的保险，并且具有可以通过医疗补助计划覆盖的健康需求而被迫离开工作。男性的就业似乎基本上不受医疗补助资格变化的影响。让我们得出结论，这种影响很大程度上是由那些离开劳动力的人所驱动的。高中学历的低收入女性对医疗补助资格的变化产生最强烈的负面反应。在扩大了医疗补助计划的州中，她们受雇的可能性降低了17个百分点，这可能是因为这些妇女因无法获得由雇主赞助的保险，并且具有可以通过医疗补助计划覆盖的健康需求而被迫离开工作。男性的就业似乎基本上不受医疗补助资格变化的影响。可能是因为这些妇女因无法获得雇主赞助的保险并有医疗需要可以通过医疗补助来解决而受到激励而辞职。男性的就业似乎基本上不受医疗补助资格变化的影响。可能是因为这些妇女因无法获得雇主赞助的保险并有医疗需要可以通过医疗补助来解决而受到激励而辞职。男性的就业似乎基本上不受医疗补助资格变化的影响。