Globally, conflicts between marine nature conservation and fishery interests are common and increasing, and there is often a glaring lack of dialogue between stakeholders representing these two interests. There is a need for a stronger and enforced coordination between fishing and conservation authorities when establishing marine protected areas for conservation purposes. We propose that an appropriate instrument for such coordination is a broad ecosystem-based marine spatial planning procedure, representing neither nature conservation nor fishery. Strategic environmental assessment for plans and programmes and environmental impact assessment for projects are commonly used tools for assessing the environmental impacts of different human activities, but are seldom used for evaluating the environmental effects of capture fisheries. The diversity of fisheries and the drastic effects of some fisheries on the environment are strong arguments for introducing these procedures as valuable supplements to existing fisheries assessment and management tools and able to provide relevant environmental information for an overall marine spatial planning process. Marine protected areas for nature conservation and for protection of fisheries have different objectives. Therefore, the legal procedure when establishing marine protected areas should depend on whether they are established for nature conservation purposes or as a fisheries resource management tool. Fishing in a marine protected area for conservation purpose should be regulated according to conservation law. Also, we argue that marine protected areas for conservation purposes, in the highest protection category, should primarily be established as fully protected marine national parks and marine reserves.

中文翻译：

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海洋自然保护和与渔业的冲突。

在全球范围内，海洋自然保护与渔业利益之间的冲突是普遍的，并且在不断增加，代表这两个利益的利益相关者之间经常缺乏明显的对话。在为保护目的建立海洋保护区时，有必要在渔业和保护当局之间加强和加强协调。我们建议进行这种协调的适当工具是基于生态系统的广泛海洋空间规划程序，既不代表自然保护也不代表渔业。计划和方案的战略性环境评估和项目的环境影响评估是评估不同人类活动对环境的影响的常用工具，但很少用于评估捕捞渔业的环境影响。渔业的多样性和某些渔业对环境的巨大影响是强有力的论点，它们提出将这些程序作为对现有渔业评估和管理工具的宝贵补充，并能够为整个海洋空间规划过程提供相关的环境信息。用于自然保护和渔业保护的海洋保护区有不同的目标。因此，建立海洋保护区的法律程序应取决于为自然保护目的还是作为渔业资源管理工具而建立。在海洋保护区内以保护为目的的捕鱼应根据保护法进行管理。此外，我们认为，出于保护目的的海洋保护区属于最高保护类别，