Sphagnum mosses dominate peatlands by employing harsh ecosystem tactics to prevent vascular plant growth and microbial degradation of these large carbon stores. Knowledge about Sphagnum‐produced metabolites, their structure and their function, is important to better understand the mechanisms, underlying this carbon sequestration phenomenon in the face of climate variability. It is currently unclear which compounds are responsible for inhibition of organic matter decomposition and the mechanisms by which this inhibition occurs. Metabolite profiling of Sphagnum fallax was performed using two types of mass spectrometry (MS) systems and ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (¹H NMR). Lipidome profiling was performed using LC‐MS/MS. A total of 655 metabolites, including one hundred fifty‐two lipids, were detected by NMR and LC‐MS/MS—329 of which were novel metabolites (31 unknown lipids). Sphagum fallax metabolite profile was composed mainly of acid‐like and flavonoid glycoside compounds, that could be acting as potent antimicrobial compounds, allowing Sphagnum to control its environment. Sphagnum fallax metabolite composition comparison against previously known antimicrobial plant metabolites confirmed this trend, with seventeen antimicrobial compounds discovered to be present in Sphagnum fallax, the majority of which were acids and glycosides. Biological activity of these compounds needs to be further tested to confirm antimicrobial qualities. Three fungal metabolites were identified providing insights into fungal colonization that may benefit Sphagnum. Characterizing the metabolite profile of Sphagnum fallax provided a baseline to understand the mechanisms in which Sphagnum fallax acts on its environment, its relation to carbon sequestration in peatlands, and provide key biomarkers to predict peatland C store changes (sequestration, emissions) as climate shifts.

中文翻译：

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泥炭藓的非靶向代谢组学分析揭示了新型抗菌代谢物。

泥炭藓通过采用严酷的生态系统策略来阻止维管植物生长和这些大型碳储存的微生物降解，从而在泥炭地中占据主导地位。有关泥炭藓产生的代谢物、其结构和功能的知识对于更好地理解气候变化时碳封存现象的机制非常重要。目前尚不清楚哪些化合物负责抑制有机物分解以及这种抑制发生的机制。使用两种类型的质谱 (MS) 系统和¹ H 核磁共振波谱 ( ¹ H NMR) 对泥炭藓进行代谢物分析。使用 LC-MS/MS 进行脂质组分析。通过 NMR 和 LC-MS/MS 检测到总共 655 种代谢物，包括 152 种脂质，其中 329 种为新代谢物（31 种未知脂质）。泥炭藓代谢物主要由酸类和黄酮苷化合物组成，它们可以作为有效的抗菌化合物，使泥炭藓能够控制其环境。泥炭藓代谢物成分与先前已知的抗菌植物代谢物的比较证实了这一趋势，发现泥炭藓中存在 17 种抗菌化合物，其中大部分是酸和糖苷。这些化合物的生物活性需要进一步测试以确认抗菌品质。鉴定出三种真菌代谢物，为了解可能有益于泥炭藓的真菌定植提供了见解。表征泥炭藓的代谢物特征为了解泥炭藓对其环境的作用机制及其与泥炭地碳封存的关系提供了基线，并提供了关键的生物标志物来预测气候变化时泥炭地碳储存的变化（封存、排放）。