To create realistic three-dimensional (3D) vascular models from 3D time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography (3D-TOF MRA) of an intracranial aneurysm (IA). Thirty-two IAs in 31 patients were printed using 3D-TOF MRA source images from polylactic acid (PLA) raw material. Two observers measured the maximum IA diameter at the longest width twice separately. A total mean of four measurements as well as each observer's individual average MRA lengths were calculated. After printing, 3D-printed anatomic models (PAM) underwent computed tomography (CT) acquisition and each observer measured them using the same algorithm as applied to MRA. Inter- and intra-observer consistency for the MRA and CT measurements were analyzed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and a Bland-Altman plot. The mean maximum aneurysm diameter obtained from four MRA evaluations was 8.49 mm, whereas it was 8.83 mm according to the CT 3D PAM measurement. The Wilcoxon test revealed slightly larger mean CT 3D PAM diameters than the MRA measurements. The Spearman's correlation test yielded a positive correlation between MRA and CT lengths of 3D PAMs. Inter and intra-observer consistency were high in consecutive MRA and CT measurements. According to Bland-Altman analyses, the aneurysmal dimensions obtained from CT were higher for observer 1 and observer 2 (a mean of 0.32 mm and 0.35 mm, respectively) compared to the MRA measurements. CT dimensions were slightly overestimated compared to MRA measurements of the created models. We believe the discrepancy may be related to the Laplacian algorithm applied for surface smoothing and the high slice thickness selection that was used. However, ICC provided high consistency and reproducibility in our cohort. Therefore, it is technically possible to produce 3D intracranial aneurysm models from 3D-TOF MRA images.

中文翻译：

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从3D-TOF MRA建立三维颅内动脉瘤模型：一项验证研究。

从颅内动脉瘤（IA）的3D飞行时间磁共振血管造影（3D-TOF MRA）创建逼真的三维（3D）血管模型。使用来自聚乳酸（PLA）原料的3D-TOF MRA源图像打印了31例患者中的32个IA。两名观察员分别两次测量了最长宽度处的最大IA直径。计算了四个测量值的总平均值以及每个观察者的平均MRA长度。打印后，对3D打印的解剖模型（PAM）进行计算机断层摄影（CT）采集，每个观察者使用与MRA相同的算法对其进行测量。使用类内相关系数（ICC）和Bland-Altman图分析了MRA和CT测量的观察者间和观察者内一致性。通过四次MRA评估得出的平均最大动脉瘤直径为8.49毫米，而根据CT 3D PAM测量，则为8.83毫米。Wilcoxon测试显示，CT 3D PAM的平均直径比MRA测量的稍大。Spearman的相关性检验在3D PAM的MRA和CT长度之间产生正相关。在连续的MRA和CT测量中，观察者之间和观察者之间的一致性很高。根据Bland-Altman分析，与MRA测量值相比，观察者1和观察者2从CT获得的动脉瘤尺寸更高（分别为0.32 mm和0.35 mm的平均值）。与创建模型的MRA测量值相比，CT尺寸被高估了一点。我们认为差异可能与应用于表面平滑的Laplacian算法以及所使用的高切片厚度选择有关。但是，ICC在我们的队列中提供了高度的一致性和可重复性。因此，从3D-TOF MRA图像生成3D颅内动脉瘤模型在技术上是可能的。