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Primary myogenesis in the sand lizard (Lacerta agilis) limb bud.
Development Genes and Evolution ( IF 0.8 ) Pub Date : 2019-06-18 , DOI: 10.1007/s00427-019-00635-7
Damian Lewandowski 1 , Magda Dubińska-Magiera 1 , Arnold Garbiec 1 , Małgorzata Daczewska 1
Affiliation  

Our studies conducted on reptilian limb muscle development revealed, for the first time, early forelimb muscle differentiation at the morphological and molecular level. Sand lizard skeletal muscle differentiation in the early forelimb bud was investigated by light, confocal, and transmission electron microscopy as well as western blot. The early forelimb bud, filled with mesenchymal cells, is surrounded by monolayer epithelium cells. The immunocytochemical analysis revealed the presence of Pax3- and Lbx-positive cells in the vicinity of the ventro-lateral lip (VLL) of the dermomyotome, suggesting that VLL is the source of limb muscle progenitor cells. Furthermore, Pax3- and Lbx-positive cells were observed in the dorsal and ventral myogenic pools of the forelimb bud. Skeletal muscle development in the early limb bud is asynchronous, which is manifested by the presence of myogenic cells in different stages of differentiation: multinucleated myotubes with well-developed contractile apparatus, myoblasts, and mitotically active premyoblasts. The western blot analysis revealed the presence of MyoD and Myf5 proteins in all investigated developmental stages. The MyoD western blot analysis showed two bands corresponding to monomeric (mMyoD) and dimeric (dMyoD) fractions. Two separate bands were also detected in the case of Myf5. The observed bands were related to non-phosphorylated (Myf5) and phosphorylated (pMyf5) fractions of Myf5. Our investigations on sand lizard forelimb myogenesis showed that the pattern of muscle differentiation in the early forelimb bud shares many features with rodents and chicks.

中文翻译:

砂蜥蜴(Lacerta agilis)肢芽中的原代肌发生。

我们对爬行动物肢体肌肉发育的研究首次揭示了形态和分子水平上的前肢早期肌肉分化。通过光,共聚焦和透射电子显微镜以及蛋白质印迹研究了前肢早期沙蜥骨骼肌的分化。充满间质细胞的前肢早期芽被单层上皮细胞包围。免疫细胞化学分析显示,皮肤切开术的腹侧唇(VLL)附近存在Pax3和Lbx阳性细胞,这表明VLL是肢体肌肉祖细胞的来源。此外,在前肢芽的背侧和腹侧肌原性池中观察到Pax3和Lbx阳性细胞。早期肢芽的骨骼肌发育是异步的,其表现在分化不同阶段的成肌细胞的存在:具有发达的收缩装置的多核肌管,成肌细胞和有丝分裂活性的成肌细胞。蛋白质印迹分析表明在所有研究的发育阶段均存在MyoD和Myf5蛋白。MyoD蛋白质印迹分析显示两条带分别对应于单体(mMyoD)和二聚体(dMyoD)组分。在Myf5的情况下,还检测到两个单独的条带。观察到的条带与Myf5的未磷酸化(Myf5)和磷酸化(pMyf5)馏分相关。我们对砂蜥蜴前肢肌发生的研究表明,前肢芽早期的肌肉分化模式与啮齿动物和雏鸡有许多共同特征。发达的收缩装置,成肌细胞和有丝分裂活跃的成肌细胞的多核肌管。蛋白质印迹分析表明在所有研究的发育阶段均存在MyoD和Myf5蛋白。MyoD蛋白质印迹分析显示两条带分别对应于单体(mMyoD)和二聚体(dMyoD)组分。在Myf5的情况下,还检测到两个单独的条带。观察到的条带与Myf5的未磷酸化(Myf5)和磷酸化(pMyf5)馏分相关。我们对砂蜥蜴前肢肌发生的研究表明,前肢芽早期的肌肉分化模式与啮齿动物和雏鸡有许多共同特征。发达的收缩装置,成肌细胞和有丝分裂活跃的成肌细胞的多核肌管。蛋白质印迹分析表明在所有研究的发育阶段均存在MyoD和Myf5蛋白。MyoD蛋白质印迹分析显示两条带分别对应于单体(mMyoD)和二聚体(dMyoD)组分。在Myf5的情况下,还检测到两个单独的条带。观察到的条带与Myf5的未磷酸化(Myf5)和磷酸化(pMyf5)馏分相关。我们对砂蜥蜴前肢肌发生的研究表明,前肢芽早期的肌肉分化模式与啮齿动物和小鸡有许多共同特征。蛋白质印迹分析表明在所有研究的发育阶段均存在MyoD和Myf5蛋白。MyoD蛋白质印迹分析显示两条带分别对应于单体(mMyoD)和二聚体(dMyoD)组分。在Myf5的情况下,还检测到两个单独的条带。观察到的条带与Myf5的未磷酸化(Myf5)和磷酸化(pMyf5)馏分相关。我们对砂蜥蜴前肢肌发生的研究表明,前肢芽早期的肌肉分化模式与啮齿动物和雏鸡有许多共同特征。蛋白质印迹分析表明在所有研究的发育阶段均存在MyoD和Myf5蛋白。MyoD蛋白质印迹分析显示两条带分别对应于单体(mMyoD)和二聚体(dMyoD)组分。在Myf5的情况下,还检测到两个单独的条带。观察到的条带与Myf5的未磷酸化(Myf5)和磷酸化(pMyf5)馏分相关。我们对砂蜥蜴前肢肌发生的研究表明,前肢芽早期的肌肉分化模式与啮齿动物和雏鸡有许多共同特征。观察到的条带与Myf5的未磷酸化(Myf5)和磷酸化(pMyf5)馏分相关。我们对砂蜥蜴前肢肌发生的研究表明,前肢芽早期的肌肉分化模式与啮齿动物和雏鸡有许多共同特征。观察到的条带与Myf5的未磷酸化(Myf5)和磷酸化(pMyf5)馏分相关。我们对砂蜥蜴前肢肌发生的研究表明,前肢芽早期的肌肉分化模式与啮齿动物和雏鸡有许多共同特征。
更新日期:2019-06-18
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